PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
A;patient;is;found;to;have;liver;disease,;resulting;in;the;removal;of;a;lobe;of;his;liver.;Adapt
ation;to;the;reduced;size;of;the;liver;leads;to;___________;of;the;remaining;liver;cells.
A.;Metaplasia;
B.;Organ;atrophy;
C.;Compensatory;hyperplasia
D.;Physiologic;hyperplasia;-;ans-✔✔C
An;older;adult;patient;comes;to;the;clinic;complaining;of;not;being;able;to;do;what;he;used;t
o;be;able;to.;You;know;that;normal;changes;associated;with;aging;include:;
(Select;all;that;apply.);
A.;Improved;blood;flow;
B.;Slowed;metabolic;rate
C.;Decreased;brain;weight;
D.;Improved;nerve;fiber;conduction
E.;Less;respiratory;capacity;-;ans-✔✔B,;C,;E
A;20-year-
old;college;student;has;presented;to;her;campus;medical;clinic;for;a;scheduled;Pap;smear
.;The;clinician;who;will;interpret;the;smear;will;examine;cell;samples;for;evidence;of:
A.;Changes;in;cell;shape,;size,;and;organization;
B.;Presence;of;unexpected;cell;types
C.;Ischemic;changes;in;cell;sample
D.;Abnormally;high;numbers;of;cells;-;ans-✔✔A
The;parents;of;a;4-year-
old;girl;have;sought;care;because;their;daughter;has;admitted;to;chewing;and;swallowing;i
mported;toy;figurines;that;have;been;determined;to;be;made;of;lead.;Which;of;the;followin
g;blood;tests;should;the;care;team;prioritize?;
A.;White;blood;cell;levels;with;differential;
B.;Red;blood;cell;levels;and;morphology;
C.;Urea;and;creatinine;levels;
D.;Liver;function;panel;-;ans-✔✔B
,Lead;->;anemia,;RBC;lysis;
You;know;it's;not;A;because;there;is;no;infection;involved.;C;is;focused;on;kidney;function;
while;D;is;focused;on;liver;function.;Both;of;these;would;be;important;in;the;case;of;lead;poi
soning;BUT;the;priority;answer;is;B,;because;you;need;first;to;address;the;most;life-
threatening;patient;needs.;The;little;girl;in;this;question;can;go;into;shock;or;suffer;perman
ent;organ;damage;if;her;RBCs;are;low.
A;patient;with;severe;peripheral;vascular;disease;has;developed;signs;of;dry;gangrene;on;
the;great;toe;of;one;foot.;Which;of;the;following;pathophysiologic;processes;most;likely;co
ntributed;to;this;diagnosis?;
A.;Inappropriate;activation;of;apoptosis;
B.;Bacterial;invasion;
C.;Impaired;arterial;blood;supply;
D.;Metaplastic;cellular;changes;-;ans-✔✔B
Remember;that;it's;not;C;because;to;have;gangrene,;you;must;have;infection
Although;stress;exposure;initiates;integrated;responses;by;multiple;systems,;the;most;imp
ortant;changes;are;first;activated;by;which;system?
A.;Pulmonary
B.;Gastrointestinal;
C.;Neuroendocrine
D.;Cardiovascular;-;ans-✔✔C
Which;manifestation;of;stress;reflects;the;non-specific;fight;or;flight;response?
;
A.;Decreased;pupillary;light;response;
B.;Increased;GI;motility;
C.;Decreased;short-term;memory
D.;Increased;cardiopulmonary;rates;-;ans-✔✔D
This;would;fall;under;physiologic;responses;to;stress!!;Slide;25;in;your;lecture;powerpoint
Stress-induced;cortisol;hormone;secretion;is;associated;with:;
A.;Increased;growth;hormone;level
B.;Regulation;of;the;stress;response
C.;Increased;thyroid-stimulating;hormone;
D.;Depressed;adrenal;gland;function;-;ans-✔✔B
You;know;it's;not;A;because;I;mentioned;in;an;earlier;slide;that;growth;hormone;levels;decr
ease;with;stress.;We;didn't;mention;thyroid-
stimulating;hormone;as;one;of;the;ones;associated;with;the;stress;repsonse;so;you;can;pr
, etty;much;assume;that's;not;right.;And;we;know;adrenal;function;is;not;depressed;because
;ACTH;from;the;anterior;pituitary;stimulates;the;adrenal;glands;to;release;cortisol.
Which;of;the;following;factors;are;known;to;contribute;to;an;individual's;ability;to;adapt;to;st
ress?;(Select;all;that;apply.)
A.;Ethnicity
B.;Age
C.;Socioeconomic;status
D.;Gender
E.;Health;status;-;ans-✔✔B,;C,;D,;E
"Ability;to;adapt;to;stress";=;mediating;factors!;Slide;28;of;this;powerpoint
Two;people;experience;the;same;stressor;yet;only;one;is;able;to;cope;and;adapt;adequate
ly.;An;example;of;the;person;with;an;increased;capacity;to;adapt;is;the;one;with:;
A.;A;sense;of;purpose;in;life;
B.;Circadian;rhythm;disruption;
C.;Age-related;renal;dysfunction;
D.;Excessive;weight;gain;or;loss;-;ans-✔✔A
Back;to;mediating;factors.;Which;of;these;things;do;you;think;would;help;a;person;deal;wit
h;stress?;Disruption;in;sleep;cycle;(B);will;definitely;not;help,;age-related;renal;dysfunction;
(C);is;an;indicator;of;poor;health;status;which;also;would;not;help,;and;excessive;weight;ch
anges;(D);are;also;likely;to;cause;more;stress;than;alleviate;it.
The;characteristic,;localized;cardinal;signs;of;acute;inflammation;include:;
(Select;all;that;apply.);
A.;Redness
B.;Fatigue
C.;Swelling
D.;Warmth
E.;Fever;-;ans-✔✔A,;C,;D
The;cellular;stage;of;acute;inflammation;is;marked;by;the;movement;of;leukocytes;into;the;
area.;Which;of;the;following;cells;arrives;first;and;in;great;numbers?;
A.;Basophils
B.;Lymphocytes
C.;Neutrophils
D.;Platelets;-;ans-✔✔C
Which;of;the;following;mediators;of;inflammation;causes;increased;capillary;permeability;a
nd;pain?
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
A;patient;is;found;to;have;liver;disease,;resulting;in;the;removal;of;a;lobe;of;his;liver.;Adapt
ation;to;the;reduced;size;of;the;liver;leads;to;___________;of;the;remaining;liver;cells.
A.;Metaplasia;
B.;Organ;atrophy;
C.;Compensatory;hyperplasia
D.;Physiologic;hyperplasia;-;ans-✔✔C
An;older;adult;patient;comes;to;the;clinic;complaining;of;not;being;able;to;do;what;he;used;t
o;be;able;to.;You;know;that;normal;changes;associated;with;aging;include:;
(Select;all;that;apply.);
A.;Improved;blood;flow;
B.;Slowed;metabolic;rate
C.;Decreased;brain;weight;
D.;Improved;nerve;fiber;conduction
E.;Less;respiratory;capacity;-;ans-✔✔B,;C,;E
A;20-year-
old;college;student;has;presented;to;her;campus;medical;clinic;for;a;scheduled;Pap;smear
.;The;clinician;who;will;interpret;the;smear;will;examine;cell;samples;for;evidence;of:
A.;Changes;in;cell;shape,;size,;and;organization;
B.;Presence;of;unexpected;cell;types
C.;Ischemic;changes;in;cell;sample
D.;Abnormally;high;numbers;of;cells;-;ans-✔✔A
The;parents;of;a;4-year-
old;girl;have;sought;care;because;their;daughter;has;admitted;to;chewing;and;swallowing;i
mported;toy;figurines;that;have;been;determined;to;be;made;of;lead.;Which;of;the;followin
g;blood;tests;should;the;care;team;prioritize?;
A.;White;blood;cell;levels;with;differential;
B.;Red;blood;cell;levels;and;morphology;
C.;Urea;and;creatinine;levels;
D.;Liver;function;panel;-;ans-✔✔B
,Lead;->;anemia,;RBC;lysis;
You;know;it's;not;A;because;there;is;no;infection;involved.;C;is;focused;on;kidney;function;
while;D;is;focused;on;liver;function.;Both;of;these;would;be;important;in;the;case;of;lead;poi
soning;BUT;the;priority;answer;is;B,;because;you;need;first;to;address;the;most;life-
threatening;patient;needs.;The;little;girl;in;this;question;can;go;into;shock;or;suffer;perman
ent;organ;damage;if;her;RBCs;are;low.
A;patient;with;severe;peripheral;vascular;disease;has;developed;signs;of;dry;gangrene;on;
the;great;toe;of;one;foot.;Which;of;the;following;pathophysiologic;processes;most;likely;co
ntributed;to;this;diagnosis?;
A.;Inappropriate;activation;of;apoptosis;
B.;Bacterial;invasion;
C.;Impaired;arterial;blood;supply;
D.;Metaplastic;cellular;changes;-;ans-✔✔B
Remember;that;it's;not;C;because;to;have;gangrene,;you;must;have;infection
Although;stress;exposure;initiates;integrated;responses;by;multiple;systems,;the;most;imp
ortant;changes;are;first;activated;by;which;system?
A.;Pulmonary
B.;Gastrointestinal;
C.;Neuroendocrine
D.;Cardiovascular;-;ans-✔✔C
Which;manifestation;of;stress;reflects;the;non-specific;fight;or;flight;response?
;
A.;Decreased;pupillary;light;response;
B.;Increased;GI;motility;
C.;Decreased;short-term;memory
D.;Increased;cardiopulmonary;rates;-;ans-✔✔D
This;would;fall;under;physiologic;responses;to;stress!!;Slide;25;in;your;lecture;powerpoint
Stress-induced;cortisol;hormone;secretion;is;associated;with:;
A.;Increased;growth;hormone;level
B.;Regulation;of;the;stress;response
C.;Increased;thyroid-stimulating;hormone;
D.;Depressed;adrenal;gland;function;-;ans-✔✔B
You;know;it's;not;A;because;I;mentioned;in;an;earlier;slide;that;growth;hormone;levels;decr
ease;with;stress.;We;didn't;mention;thyroid-
stimulating;hormone;as;one;of;the;ones;associated;with;the;stress;repsonse;so;you;can;pr
, etty;much;assume;that's;not;right.;And;we;know;adrenal;function;is;not;depressed;because
;ACTH;from;the;anterior;pituitary;stimulates;the;adrenal;glands;to;release;cortisol.
Which;of;the;following;factors;are;known;to;contribute;to;an;individual's;ability;to;adapt;to;st
ress?;(Select;all;that;apply.)
A.;Ethnicity
B.;Age
C.;Socioeconomic;status
D.;Gender
E.;Health;status;-;ans-✔✔B,;C,;D,;E
"Ability;to;adapt;to;stress";=;mediating;factors!;Slide;28;of;this;powerpoint
Two;people;experience;the;same;stressor;yet;only;one;is;able;to;cope;and;adapt;adequate
ly.;An;example;of;the;person;with;an;increased;capacity;to;adapt;is;the;one;with:;
A.;A;sense;of;purpose;in;life;
B.;Circadian;rhythm;disruption;
C.;Age-related;renal;dysfunction;
D.;Excessive;weight;gain;or;loss;-;ans-✔✔A
Back;to;mediating;factors.;Which;of;these;things;do;you;think;would;help;a;person;deal;wit
h;stress?;Disruption;in;sleep;cycle;(B);will;definitely;not;help,;age-related;renal;dysfunction;
(C);is;an;indicator;of;poor;health;status;which;also;would;not;help,;and;excessive;weight;ch
anges;(D);are;also;likely;to;cause;more;stress;than;alleviate;it.
The;characteristic,;localized;cardinal;signs;of;acute;inflammation;include:;
(Select;all;that;apply.);
A.;Redness
B.;Fatigue
C.;Swelling
D.;Warmth
E.;Fever;-;ans-✔✔A,;C,;D
The;cellular;stage;of;acute;inflammation;is;marked;by;the;movement;of;leukocytes;into;the;
area.;Which;of;the;following;cells;arrives;first;and;in;great;numbers?;
A.;Basophils
B.;Lymphocytes
C.;Neutrophils
D.;Platelets;-;ans-✔✔C
Which;of;the;following;mediators;of;inflammation;causes;increased;capillary;permeability;a
nd;pain?
