PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1: TAMU
NURSING (PART 1)
Pathophysiology - ans-✔✔Mechanisms of disease and providing the background for
preventative/pallative/therapeutic care measures and practices
Pathology - ans-✔✔study of structural and functional changes in the cells, tissues, and
organs that are caused by diseases
Physiology - ans-✔✔The study of body function
Why should we study pathophysiology? (2 main reasons) - ans-✔✔1. establish a
foundation for nursing practice with evidence-based literature
2. understand why diseases have certain clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations - ans-✔✔signs and symptoms
Signs are (objective or subjective) - ans-✔✔objective
Symptoms are (objective or subjective) - ans-✔✔subjective
Signs are what the - ans-✔✔nurse observes
Symptoms are what the - ans-✔✔patient says
Examples of signs - ans-✔✔heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature
(measurable things)
Examples of symptoms - ans-✔✔pain, nausea, dizziness
Objective means - ans-✔✔factual and based on observations and measurements
Subjective means - ans-✔✔personal opinion, point of view, judgement, or feelings
A radial pulse means there is... - ans-✔✔perfusion
Acronym for a primary assessment - ans-✔✔control bleeding FIRST!!! + ABCDE
,What does the "A" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔airway
What does the "B" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Breathing
What does the "C" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Circulation
What does the "D" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Disabilities
(Neurological)
What does the "E" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Environment/Expose
What is the acronym for a secondary assessment? - ans-✔✔SAMPLE
What type of assessment is a secondary assessment? - ans-✔✔Head to toe
What does the "S" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Signs and symptoms
What does the "A" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Allergies
What does the "M" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Medications
What does the "P" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Past medical history
What is the shorthand for past medical history? - ans-✔✔Hx
What does the "L" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Last oral
intake/menstruation
What does the "E" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Events leading to
injury/illness
What is the purpose of a tertiary assessment? - ans-✔✔Reassess client/patient and
diagnostic studies 24 hours post injury
When is a tertiary assessment mostly used? - ans-✔✔After a trauma
What is the most missed observation at the original intake of a trauma? - ans-
✔✔Extremity injuries
What was the definition of health before 1948? - ans-✔✔"sane mind in a sound body"
Who came up with the pre 1948 definition of health? - ans-✔✔Darwin
What is the definition of health after 1948? - ans-✔✔"state of complete physical, mental,
and social well being; not merely the absence of disease and infirmity"
, Who came up with the post 1948 definition of health? - ans-✔✔Brock Chisolm, the
director general of the World Health Organization (WHO)
What is the biggest goal of the healthy people 2030?? - ans-✔✔Achieve health equity
and eliminate disparities
What are the 5 goals of Healthy People 2030? - ans-✔✔1. Attain lives free of
preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2. Health equity and eliminate disparities
3. Promote wellness for all
4. promote healthy behaviors across the life span
5. expand health literacy for individuals and communities
What are the 6 factors that make health more holistic? - ans-✔✔1. Physical
2. Mental
3. Social
4. Family
5. Spiritual
6. Environmental
Etiology - ans-✔✔cause of disease
Risk factors - ans-✔✔factors that predispose to a particular disease
Congenital conditions - ans-✔✔defects present at birth
Acquired conditions - ans-✔✔caused by events that occur after birth
Pathogenesis - ans-✔✔how the disease process evolves
Morphology - ans-✔✔gross anatomic and microscopic changes that are characteristic
of diseases
Histology - ans-✔✔study of tissues
Syndrome - ans-✔✔complication of clinical manifestations
Complication - ans-✔✔potential adverse events from disease or outcomes from
treatments
Sequelae - ans-✔✔lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease
Diagnosis - ans-✔✔identification of a disease
Clinical course - ans-✔✔the evolution of the disease
NURSING (PART 1)
Pathophysiology - ans-✔✔Mechanisms of disease and providing the background for
preventative/pallative/therapeutic care measures and practices
Pathology - ans-✔✔study of structural and functional changes in the cells, tissues, and
organs that are caused by diseases
Physiology - ans-✔✔The study of body function
Why should we study pathophysiology? (2 main reasons) - ans-✔✔1. establish a
foundation for nursing practice with evidence-based literature
2. understand why diseases have certain clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations - ans-✔✔signs and symptoms
Signs are (objective or subjective) - ans-✔✔objective
Symptoms are (objective or subjective) - ans-✔✔subjective
Signs are what the - ans-✔✔nurse observes
Symptoms are what the - ans-✔✔patient says
Examples of signs - ans-✔✔heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature
(measurable things)
Examples of symptoms - ans-✔✔pain, nausea, dizziness
Objective means - ans-✔✔factual and based on observations and measurements
Subjective means - ans-✔✔personal opinion, point of view, judgement, or feelings
A radial pulse means there is... - ans-✔✔perfusion
Acronym for a primary assessment - ans-✔✔control bleeding FIRST!!! + ABCDE
,What does the "A" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔airway
What does the "B" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Breathing
What does the "C" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Circulation
What does the "D" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Disabilities
(Neurological)
What does the "E" stand for in a primary assessment - ans-✔✔Environment/Expose
What is the acronym for a secondary assessment? - ans-✔✔SAMPLE
What type of assessment is a secondary assessment? - ans-✔✔Head to toe
What does the "S" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Signs and symptoms
What does the "A" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Allergies
What does the "M" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Medications
What does the "P" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Past medical history
What is the shorthand for past medical history? - ans-✔✔Hx
What does the "L" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Last oral
intake/menstruation
What does the "E" stand for in a secondary assessment - ans-✔✔Events leading to
injury/illness
What is the purpose of a tertiary assessment? - ans-✔✔Reassess client/patient and
diagnostic studies 24 hours post injury
When is a tertiary assessment mostly used? - ans-✔✔After a trauma
What is the most missed observation at the original intake of a trauma? - ans-
✔✔Extremity injuries
What was the definition of health before 1948? - ans-✔✔"sane mind in a sound body"
Who came up with the pre 1948 definition of health? - ans-✔✔Darwin
What is the definition of health after 1948? - ans-✔✔"state of complete physical, mental,
and social well being; not merely the absence of disease and infirmity"
, Who came up with the post 1948 definition of health? - ans-✔✔Brock Chisolm, the
director general of the World Health Organization (WHO)
What is the biggest goal of the healthy people 2030?? - ans-✔✔Achieve health equity
and eliminate disparities
What are the 5 goals of Healthy People 2030? - ans-✔✔1. Attain lives free of
preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2. Health equity and eliminate disparities
3. Promote wellness for all
4. promote healthy behaviors across the life span
5. expand health literacy for individuals and communities
What are the 6 factors that make health more holistic? - ans-✔✔1. Physical
2. Mental
3. Social
4. Family
5. Spiritual
6. Environmental
Etiology - ans-✔✔cause of disease
Risk factors - ans-✔✔factors that predispose to a particular disease
Congenital conditions - ans-✔✔defects present at birth
Acquired conditions - ans-✔✔caused by events that occur after birth
Pathogenesis - ans-✔✔how the disease process evolves
Morphology - ans-✔✔gross anatomic and microscopic changes that are characteristic
of diseases
Histology - ans-✔✔study of tissues
Syndrome - ans-✔✔complication of clinical manifestations
Complication - ans-✔✔potential adverse events from disease or outcomes from
treatments
Sequelae - ans-✔✔lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by a disease
Diagnosis - ans-✔✔identification of a disease
Clinical course - ans-✔✔the evolution of the disease
