NUSCTX 10 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions
2025
Uses energy to construct components of cells. - ✔✔Anabolism
Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy. - ✔✔Catabolism
A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content. - ✔✔Nutrient Density
Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese. - ✔✔Trace Minerals
The act of consuming a variety of plant products to provide all the necessary protein components. -
✔✔Protein Complementation
Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil. - ✔✔Essential Fatty Acids
The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. - ✔✔Metabolism
The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and
substrates for the citric acid cycle. - ✔✔Mitochondrial Matrix
,Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton) gradient. - ✔✔Respiration
Capable of being tested by experiment or observation. - ✔✔Falsifiability
A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing,
and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER - ✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum
A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller
ones. - ✔✔Lysosome
Biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically
increasing the rate of the reaction. - ✔✔Enzyme
A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust -
✔✔Oxidation
A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down. - ✔✔Entropy
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption. - ✔✔Villi
Mass(Velocity) - ✔✔Calor
Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities of heat. - ✔✔Calorimetry
, The total energy intake in the diet. - ✔✔Gross Energy
Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary energy. - ✔✔Metabolizable Energy
Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation, malnutrition, fever,
hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass - ✔✔Basal Metabolic Rate
An experimental method in which food intake or energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same
between animal groups and to exclude effects in the animals by differences of food (energy) intake. -
✔✔Pair-feeding
The movement of something into, through and out of a place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and
replaced. - ✔✔Turnover
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating
growth and development. Affects BMR. - ✔✔Thyroxine
Heat production, shivering, excess heat from overeating, adaption to trauma, stress, very different for
different people, not usually included in energy calculations. - ✔✔Adaptive Thermogenesis
Metabolic rate is proportional to weight (kg) to the 3/4 power - ✔✔W^(3/4)
A cavity or passage in a tubular organ. - ✔✔Lumen
Pertaining to the head. - ✔✔Cephalic
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
2025
Uses energy to construct components of cells. - ✔✔Anabolism
Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy. - ✔✔Catabolism
A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content. - ✔✔Nutrient Density
Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese. - ✔✔Trace Minerals
The act of consuming a variety of plant products to provide all the necessary protein components. -
✔✔Protein Complementation
Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil. - ✔✔Essential Fatty Acids
The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. - ✔✔Metabolism
The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and
substrates for the citric acid cycle. - ✔✔Mitochondrial Matrix
,Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton) gradient. - ✔✔Respiration
Capable of being tested by experiment or observation. - ✔✔Falsifiability
A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing,
and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER - ✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum
A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller
ones. - ✔✔Lysosome
Biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically
increasing the rate of the reaction. - ✔✔Enzyme
A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust -
✔✔Oxidation
A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down. - ✔✔Entropy
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption. - ✔✔Villi
Mass(Velocity) - ✔✔Calor
Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities of heat. - ✔✔Calorimetry
, The total energy intake in the diet. - ✔✔Gross Energy
Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary energy. - ✔✔Metabolizable Energy
Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation, malnutrition, fever,
hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass - ✔✔Basal Metabolic Rate
An experimental method in which food intake or energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same
between animal groups and to exclude effects in the animals by differences of food (energy) intake. -
✔✔Pair-feeding
The movement of something into, through and out of a place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and
replaced. - ✔✔Turnover
The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating
growth and development. Affects BMR. - ✔✔Thyroxine
Heat production, shivering, excess heat from overeating, adaption to trauma, stress, very different for
different people, not usually included in energy calculations. - ✔✔Adaptive Thermogenesis
Metabolic rate is proportional to weight (kg) to the 3/4 power - ✔✔W^(3/4)
A cavity or passage in a tubular organ. - ✔✔Lumen
Pertaining to the head. - ✔✔Cephalic
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
