NUSCTX10 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions
2025
the process of obtaining and the assimilation of food necessary for the health, maintenance, growth and
reproduction of the organism - ✔✔nutrition
social <-> biological <-> physical (these sciences applied to understanding the processes of nutrition are
called nutritional sciences) - ✔✔nutritional sciences
water, fat, and protein - ✔✔most of the weight of the body is due to ____
form and maintain the shape and structure of the body - ✔✔nutrients help to ____
(1) ligaments and tendons
(2) hold bones together and attach muscles to bones - ✔✔proteins form ____ that help to ____
one that provides the right amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range; the proper types
and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and sufficient but not excessive
amounts of essential vitamins and minerals - ✔✔a healthy diet is ___
- has a specific biological function
- removing it from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function
- returning the omitted substance to the diet before permamnet damage occurs restores to normal
those aspects of human biolgiical function that occured during its absence - ✔✔essential nutrients
(1) those that primarily provide energy - typically expressed in kcal
(2) those that are important for growth and development - and later maintenance
(3) those that keep body functions running smoothly.
*obviously there exists some overlap among these groupings. (1) and water make up a major portion of
most foods. - ✔✔3 categories of nutrients...
,62% water, 16% protein, 16% fat, 6% minerals, carbohydrates, and other - ✔✔composition of the
human body
the body's main source of energy and the main part of total daily intake - ✔✔carbohydrates
sugar, honey... - ✔✔simple carbohydrates
carbs that are more nutritious and have fewer calroies per gram compared to fat, ex: grains, beans, pea
se, potatoes... - ✔✔complex carbohydrates
the material that gives plants texture and support / not very many calories / not usually broken down by
the body for energy - ✔✔fiber
does not dissolve in water because it contains high amounts of cellulose (bran of rains, pulp of fruit, skin
of vegetables...)(ex. cellulose, hemicellulose), part of cell wall, contributes bulk to stool - ✔✔insoluble
fiber
dissolves in water (apples, oatmeal, oat bran, rye flour, dried beans...)(ex. gums, pectin) - ✔✔soluble
fiber
supplies energy and transports nutrients (essentials are omega-3 and omega-6) - ✔✔fat
supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body tissue. necessary for all aspects of metabolism
and growth - ✔✔protein
organic substances present in food and required by the body in small amounts for regulation of
metabolism and maintenance of normal growth and functioning - ✔✔vitamins
B and C - ✔✔water soluble vitamins
, A, D, E, K - ✔✔fat soluble vitamins
important component in muscles, tissues, and bones / also essential for hormones, oxygen transport,
and enzyme systems. - ✔✔minerals
minerals the body needs in large amounts
ex/ calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, chloride - ✔✔major minerals
minerals the body only needs in small amounts
ex/ iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese - ✔✔trace minerals
a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content - ✔✔nutrient density
helps to regulate body temperature, transports nutrients and minerals to cells, rids the body of waste
materials, essential to all life processes - ✔✔water purpose in the body
(1) ATP
(2) oxygen utilization
(3) carbon dioxide formation - ✔✔mitochondria are good for what 3 things
inside the mitochondrion - ✔✔where does the citric acid cycle occur
Adenosine TRIphosphate
--------> Adenosine DIphosphate
\---p--> - ✔✔ATP -> ?
biological catalysts that lower the activation energy for a reaction - therefore making that reaction
happen more frequently - ✔✔enzyme
lock and key model - ✔✔enzyme reaction
2025
the process of obtaining and the assimilation of food necessary for the health, maintenance, growth and
reproduction of the organism - ✔✔nutrition
social <-> biological <-> physical (these sciences applied to understanding the processes of nutrition are
called nutritional sciences) - ✔✔nutritional sciences
water, fat, and protein - ✔✔most of the weight of the body is due to ____
form and maintain the shape and structure of the body - ✔✔nutrients help to ____
(1) ligaments and tendons
(2) hold bones together and attach muscles to bones - ✔✔proteins form ____ that help to ____
one that provides the right amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range; the proper types
and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and sufficient but not excessive
amounts of essential vitamins and minerals - ✔✔a healthy diet is ___
- has a specific biological function
- removing it from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function
- returning the omitted substance to the diet before permamnet damage occurs restores to normal
those aspects of human biolgiical function that occured during its absence - ✔✔essential nutrients
(1) those that primarily provide energy - typically expressed in kcal
(2) those that are important for growth and development - and later maintenance
(3) those that keep body functions running smoothly.
*obviously there exists some overlap among these groupings. (1) and water make up a major portion of
most foods. - ✔✔3 categories of nutrients...
,62% water, 16% protein, 16% fat, 6% minerals, carbohydrates, and other - ✔✔composition of the
human body
the body's main source of energy and the main part of total daily intake - ✔✔carbohydrates
sugar, honey... - ✔✔simple carbohydrates
carbs that are more nutritious and have fewer calroies per gram compared to fat, ex: grains, beans, pea
se, potatoes... - ✔✔complex carbohydrates
the material that gives plants texture and support / not very many calories / not usually broken down by
the body for energy - ✔✔fiber
does not dissolve in water because it contains high amounts of cellulose (bran of rains, pulp of fruit, skin
of vegetables...)(ex. cellulose, hemicellulose), part of cell wall, contributes bulk to stool - ✔✔insoluble
fiber
dissolves in water (apples, oatmeal, oat bran, rye flour, dried beans...)(ex. gums, pectin) - ✔✔soluble
fiber
supplies energy and transports nutrients (essentials are omega-3 and omega-6) - ✔✔fat
supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body tissue. necessary for all aspects of metabolism
and growth - ✔✔protein
organic substances present in food and required by the body in small amounts for regulation of
metabolism and maintenance of normal growth and functioning - ✔✔vitamins
B and C - ✔✔water soluble vitamins
, A, D, E, K - ✔✔fat soluble vitamins
important component in muscles, tissues, and bones / also essential for hormones, oxygen transport,
and enzyme systems. - ✔✔minerals
minerals the body needs in large amounts
ex/ calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, chloride - ✔✔major minerals
minerals the body only needs in small amounts
ex/ iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese - ✔✔trace minerals
a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content - ✔✔nutrient density
helps to regulate body temperature, transports nutrients and minerals to cells, rids the body of waste
materials, essential to all life processes - ✔✔water purpose in the body
(1) ATP
(2) oxygen utilization
(3) carbon dioxide formation - ✔✔mitochondria are good for what 3 things
inside the mitochondrion - ✔✔where does the citric acid cycle occur
Adenosine TRIphosphate
--------> Adenosine DIphosphate
\---p--> - ✔✔ATP -> ?
biological catalysts that lower the activation energy for a reaction - therefore making that reaction
happen more frequently - ✔✔enzyme
lock and key model - ✔✔enzyme reaction
