NUSCTX 104 Final Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
The relationship between genes and diet - ✔✔Nutrigenomics
Individually what someone eats - ✔✔Diet
Collectively what a population eats - ✔✔Cuisine
Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water, plant life, animal life. - ✔✔Physical Environment
Broader economic and political environment affects access to food. - ✔✔Socioeconomic environment
Technology, social organization, and ideology - ✔✔Sociocultural Environment
A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex. fire) - ✔✔Technology
Norms that regulate relationships and, in turn, access to food. - ✔✔Social Organization
Important economic unit responsible for producing and distributing food. - ✔✔Family
Accepted definition of what is food. Possibly shaped by religion, symbolism. - ✔✔Ideology
High and very low sodium intake correlated with CVD - ✔✔Sodium intake
Developing a new characteristic - ✔✔Evolution
Fine-tuning a characteristic - ✔✔Adaptation
,Opportunistic omnivores - ✔✔Humans are...
Standard American Diet: Processed foods, added sugars, sedentary lifestyle, high levels of omega-6 vs
omega-3. - ✔✔SAD
Gut bacteria that have evolved with human and dietary evolution. Symbiotic relationship. -
✔✔Microbiome
C/N isotopes in bones and teeth, tooth morphology, dietary behavior of other primates, bones/shells
next to hominid bones, locomotion and skeletal anatomy. - ✔✔Evolution of humans
7-4 mya, closest link to other primates - ✔✔Ardipithecus group
4-2 mya, walked upright regularly, climbed trees - ✔✔Australopithecus group
3-1 mya, large teeth, powerful jaws - ✔✔Parathropus group
2.5 mya, larger brains, tools, expanded beyond Africa - ✔✔Homo group
Big brains, small guts: Brains are greedy for glucose, human brain uses 20% of BMR - ✔✔The Expensive
Tissue hypothesis
Human physiology started to change about 2 mya due to increased caloric density from meat - ✔✔Man-
the-Hunter hypothesis
Cooking increases overall energy obtained from that food by making digestion easier - ✔✔The Cooking
hypothesis
200,000ya-present, Africa to worldwide, lived through Paleolithic area - ✔✔Homo sapiens
, 2.5mya-12,000ya, characterized by development of stone tools, hunter-gatherer societies, low
population density. - ✔✔Paleolithic era
12,000ya, aka "agricultural revolution" domestication of plants and animals - ✔✔Neolithic era
Lead to population explosion, but also less diverse diet which leads to difficulty achieving balance,
nutritional deficiencies, risk of famine, infectious diseases, social inequality. - ✔✔Agricultural revolution
dietary changes
Population growth, larger group settlements -> social interaction, not everyone had to be involved in
getting food, food trade - ✔✔Neolithic era social changes
Late 18th century, innovative technologies led to mass production. - ✔✔The Industrial Revolution
Agriculture became industry, living went from rural to urban, shift in meal patterns, "mixed blessings"
regarding food - ✔✔Industrial Revolution dietary changes
The delivery of health services that are respectful of and responsive to the health beliefs, practices, and
cultural and linguistic needs of diverse populations. - ✔✔Cultural competency
The ability of a person to maintain an interpersonal stance that is open to other ways of life in relation
to aspects of cultural identity that are most important to the person. - ✔✔Cultural humility
Funders, plant breeders, nutritional scientists, governments and policy makers, target communities. -
✔✔Stakeholders in cultural competency
Programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households on the condition that those households make
pre-specified investments in the human capital of their children. - ✔✔Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT)
Provides economic incentive to change behavior regardless of social norms, cost/benefit analysis,
individual contexts, etc. - ✔✔CCT incentives
The relationship between genes and diet - ✔✔Nutrigenomics
Individually what someone eats - ✔✔Diet
Collectively what a population eats - ✔✔Cuisine
Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water, plant life, animal life. - ✔✔Physical Environment
Broader economic and political environment affects access to food. - ✔✔Socioeconomic environment
Technology, social organization, and ideology - ✔✔Sociocultural Environment
A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex. fire) - ✔✔Technology
Norms that regulate relationships and, in turn, access to food. - ✔✔Social Organization
Important economic unit responsible for producing and distributing food. - ✔✔Family
Accepted definition of what is food. Possibly shaped by religion, symbolism. - ✔✔Ideology
High and very low sodium intake correlated with CVD - ✔✔Sodium intake
Developing a new characteristic - ✔✔Evolution
Fine-tuning a characteristic - ✔✔Adaptation
,Opportunistic omnivores - ✔✔Humans are...
Standard American Diet: Processed foods, added sugars, sedentary lifestyle, high levels of omega-6 vs
omega-3. - ✔✔SAD
Gut bacteria that have evolved with human and dietary evolution. Symbiotic relationship. -
✔✔Microbiome
C/N isotopes in bones and teeth, tooth morphology, dietary behavior of other primates, bones/shells
next to hominid bones, locomotion and skeletal anatomy. - ✔✔Evolution of humans
7-4 mya, closest link to other primates - ✔✔Ardipithecus group
4-2 mya, walked upright regularly, climbed trees - ✔✔Australopithecus group
3-1 mya, large teeth, powerful jaws - ✔✔Parathropus group
2.5 mya, larger brains, tools, expanded beyond Africa - ✔✔Homo group
Big brains, small guts: Brains are greedy for glucose, human brain uses 20% of BMR - ✔✔The Expensive
Tissue hypothesis
Human physiology started to change about 2 mya due to increased caloric density from meat - ✔✔Man-
the-Hunter hypothesis
Cooking increases overall energy obtained from that food by making digestion easier - ✔✔The Cooking
hypothesis
200,000ya-present, Africa to worldwide, lived through Paleolithic area - ✔✔Homo sapiens
, 2.5mya-12,000ya, characterized by development of stone tools, hunter-gatherer societies, low
population density. - ✔✔Paleolithic era
12,000ya, aka "agricultural revolution" domestication of plants and animals - ✔✔Neolithic era
Lead to population explosion, but also less diverse diet which leads to difficulty achieving balance,
nutritional deficiencies, risk of famine, infectious diseases, social inequality. - ✔✔Agricultural revolution
dietary changes
Population growth, larger group settlements -> social interaction, not everyone had to be involved in
getting food, food trade - ✔✔Neolithic era social changes
Late 18th century, innovative technologies led to mass production. - ✔✔The Industrial Revolution
Agriculture became industry, living went from rural to urban, shift in meal patterns, "mixed blessings"
regarding food - ✔✔Industrial Revolution dietary changes
The delivery of health services that are respectful of and responsive to the health beliefs, practices, and
cultural and linguistic needs of diverse populations. - ✔✔Cultural competency
The ability of a person to maintain an interpersonal stance that is open to other ways of life in relation
to aspects of cultural identity that are most important to the person. - ✔✔Cultural humility
Funders, plant breeders, nutritional scientists, governments and policy makers, target communities. -
✔✔Stakeholders in cultural competency
Programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households on the condition that those households make
pre-specified investments in the human capital of their children. - ✔✔Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT)
Provides economic incentive to change behavior regardless of social norms, cost/benefit analysis,
individual contexts, etc. - ✔✔CCT incentives
