Test #1: The Dementia – Medical Speech Pathology – Cognitive Communication Disorders
Review Material
What is the main risk factor of diagnosis in dementia - ANS ✔✔- Age
- Risk increases with age
What is dementia - ANS ✔✔- Is not a specific disease
-It's an overall term that describes a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in
memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday
activities
General trend in prevalence of Dementia - ANS ✔✔It basically doubles in prevalence every 5
years after 60
Why are the real estimates probably higher? - ANS ✔✔Some people don't get diagnosed
Why has the prevalence of dementia increased? - ANS ✔✔Increase life expectancy
How much does one year for care and treatment cost - ANS ✔✔About 56 000$
What consists of formal care? - ANS ✔✔Medication, hospital visits, residential living
Informal care consists of - ANS ✔✔Family member quitting their job to care for them. actually
costs more than formal care
Common beliefs about dementia diagnosis - ANS ✔✔- Giving up independence
- Dementia is a normal part of aging
,Are changes in processing speed part of normal aging - ANS ✔✔Yes
Normal aging - ANS ✔✔- The changes aging individuals experience are not necessarily harmful
- With age, hair thins and turns gray. Skin thins, becomes less elastic, and sags
Abnormal aging - ANS ✔✔
Normal changes in processing speed (how its different from demetia - ANS ✔✔1) Slower
progression
2) Less impact on ADL
Basic ADL-Instrumental ADLs
3) Ability to respond to cuing
4) Insight
5) No change from usual state of
functioning
What does ADL stand for - ANS ✔✔Activities of daily living
2 types of ADL - ANS ✔✔- Basic ADL
- Instrumental ADL
Basic ADL - ANS ✔✔Washing, dressing, eating, etc
Instrumental ADLs - ANS ✔✔Managing finances, driving, maintaining a job
Dementia leads people to have a __________________________________ of awareness about
their disorder/illness - ANS ✔✔Have a lack of awareness
, What is considered normal or abnormal varies on which ability is assessed - ANS ✔✔- Major
decrease in vocabulary is abnormal
- Decreases in retention is abnormal
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - ANS ✔✔- Not normal, but not dementia either (yet)
- Changes but still functioning fine
- Use more compensatory strategies
- Its a transition stage between normal and abnormal
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) DSM-5: Mild neurocognitive disorder - ANS ✔✔1. Change in
one or more cognitive domains (i.e., memory, attention, language, etc.)
2. Does not affect independence (Normal i- ADLs)
DSM-5 major neurocognitive disorder diagnosis criteria - ANS ✔✔A. Evidence of significant
decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (i.e., attention,
executive function, memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition)
B. The cognitive deficits interfere with independence in daily activities
C. The cognitive deficits are not caused by delirium or another mental disorder (ie, depression,
schizophrenia)
Problems with the old DSM definition - ANS ✔✔1. Memory impairment was essential for
diagnosis
2. Did not include behavioural symptoms
- Designed to diagnose Alzheimer's (memory) but not other forms of dementia
What is the only confirmed way to know for certain the person had dementia - ANS ✔✔Autopsy
Review Material
What is the main risk factor of diagnosis in dementia - ANS ✔✔- Age
- Risk increases with age
What is dementia - ANS ✔✔- Is not a specific disease
-It's an overall term that describes a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in
memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday
activities
General trend in prevalence of Dementia - ANS ✔✔It basically doubles in prevalence every 5
years after 60
Why are the real estimates probably higher? - ANS ✔✔Some people don't get diagnosed
Why has the prevalence of dementia increased? - ANS ✔✔Increase life expectancy
How much does one year for care and treatment cost - ANS ✔✔About 56 000$
What consists of formal care? - ANS ✔✔Medication, hospital visits, residential living
Informal care consists of - ANS ✔✔Family member quitting their job to care for them. actually
costs more than formal care
Common beliefs about dementia diagnosis - ANS ✔✔- Giving up independence
- Dementia is a normal part of aging
,Are changes in processing speed part of normal aging - ANS ✔✔Yes
Normal aging - ANS ✔✔- The changes aging individuals experience are not necessarily harmful
- With age, hair thins and turns gray. Skin thins, becomes less elastic, and sags
Abnormal aging - ANS ✔✔
Normal changes in processing speed (how its different from demetia - ANS ✔✔1) Slower
progression
2) Less impact on ADL
Basic ADL-Instrumental ADLs
3) Ability to respond to cuing
4) Insight
5) No change from usual state of
functioning
What does ADL stand for - ANS ✔✔Activities of daily living
2 types of ADL - ANS ✔✔- Basic ADL
- Instrumental ADL
Basic ADL - ANS ✔✔Washing, dressing, eating, etc
Instrumental ADLs - ANS ✔✔Managing finances, driving, maintaining a job
Dementia leads people to have a __________________________________ of awareness about
their disorder/illness - ANS ✔✔Have a lack of awareness
, What is considered normal or abnormal varies on which ability is assessed - ANS ✔✔- Major
decrease in vocabulary is abnormal
- Decreases in retention is abnormal
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - ANS ✔✔- Not normal, but not dementia either (yet)
- Changes but still functioning fine
- Use more compensatory strategies
- Its a transition stage between normal and abnormal
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) DSM-5: Mild neurocognitive disorder - ANS ✔✔1. Change in
one or more cognitive domains (i.e., memory, attention, language, etc.)
2. Does not affect independence (Normal i- ADLs)
DSM-5 major neurocognitive disorder diagnosis criteria - ANS ✔✔A. Evidence of significant
decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (i.e., attention,
executive function, memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition)
B. The cognitive deficits interfere with independence in daily activities
C. The cognitive deficits are not caused by delirium or another mental disorder (ie, depression,
schizophrenia)
Problems with the old DSM definition - ANS ✔✔1. Memory impairment was essential for
diagnosis
2. Did not include behavioural symptoms
- Designed to diagnose Alzheimer's (memory) but not other forms of dementia
What is the only confirmed way to know for certain the person had dementia - ANS ✔✔Autopsy
