HDFS 210 Exam 1 Actual Exam
Questions And Answers Practice
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Already Graded A+
1. Who is known for the psychosocial theory of development that
includes eight stages across the lifespan?
a) Jean Piaget
b) Lev Vygotsky
c) Erik Erikson
d) Urie Bronfenbrenner
Answer: c) Erik Erikson
Rationale: Erikson proposed eight psychosocial stages (e.g., trust
vs. mistrust). Piaget focused on cognitive stages; Vygotsky on
sociocultural theory; Bronfenbrenner on ecological systems.
2. In Piaget’s theory, a child who modifies an existing schema to
fit a new experience is using:
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Scaffolding
Answer: b) Accommodation
Rationale: Accommodation changes the schema to incorporate
,new information. Assimilation fits new info into an existing
schema without change.
3. Vygotsky’s term for the range of tasks a child cannot do alone
but can do with help is:
a) Concrete operational stage
b) Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
c) Scaffolding
d) Cultural tool
Answer: b) Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Rationale: ZPD is the gap between independent and assisted
performance. Scaffolding is the support given within the ZPD.
4. According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, the
microsystem includes:
a) Cultural values and laws
b) Transitions such as moving to a new city
c) Immediate interactions like family and school
d) The timing of historical events
Answer: c) Immediate interactions like family and school
Rationale: Microsystem is the innermost layer of direct contact.
Macrosystem is culture; mesosystem links microsystems;
chronosystem involves time.
5. A researcher studies the same group of 100 children at ages 5,
10, and 15. This is a:
a) Cross-sectional study
b) Longitudinal study
c) Sequential study
d) Case study
Answer: b) Longitudinal study
,Rationale: Longitudinal follows the same participants over time.
Cross-sectional compares different age groups at one time.
6. Which research method can establish cause-and-effect
relationships?
a) Naturalistic observation
b) Correlational study
c) Experiment
d) Survey
Answer: c) Experiment
Rationale: Experiments manipulate variables and control
extraneous factors, allowing causal inferences.
7. A correlation of –0.75 between hours of TV watched and
vocabulary size means:
a) More TV causes smaller vocabulary
b) TV viewing and vocabulary are unrelated
c) Higher TV is associated with lower vocabulary
d) Low TV viewing causes high vocabulary
Answer: c) Higher TV is associated with lower vocabulary
Rationale: Negative correlation means as one variable increases,
the other decreases. Correlation does not imply causation.
8. The “nature versus nurture” debate focuses on:
a) Continuity vs. discontinuity
b) Genetics vs. environment
c) Stability vs. change
d) Universal vs. context-specific development
Answer: b) Genetics vs. environment
Rationale: Nature = heredity, nurture = environment. The other
options are different developmental issues.
, 9. Who proposed the ecological systems theory emphasizing
multiple environmental layers?
a) Piaget
b) Erikson
c) Vygotsky
d) Bronfenbrenner
Answer: d) Bronfenbrenner
Rationale: Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model includes micro-,
meso-, exo-, macro-, chronosystems.
10. A child who understands that a ball of clay flattened into a
pancake still has the same amount of clay has acquired:
a) Object permanence
b) Egocentrism
c) Conservation
d) Reversibility
Answer: c) Conservation
Rationale: Conservation is the understanding that quantity
remains despite changes in shape. It develops in the concrete
operational stage.
11. Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development occurs
during infancy and is:
a) Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
b) Initiative vs. guilt
c) Trust vs. mistrust
d) Industry vs. inferiority
Answer: c) Trust vs. mistrust
Rationale: Birth to ~18 months; infants learn to trust caregivers
for basic needs.
Questions And Answers Practice
Questions with Solutions Newest |
Already Graded A+
1. Who is known for the psychosocial theory of development that
includes eight stages across the lifespan?
a) Jean Piaget
b) Lev Vygotsky
c) Erik Erikson
d) Urie Bronfenbrenner
Answer: c) Erik Erikson
Rationale: Erikson proposed eight psychosocial stages (e.g., trust
vs. mistrust). Piaget focused on cognitive stages; Vygotsky on
sociocultural theory; Bronfenbrenner on ecological systems.
2. In Piaget’s theory, a child who modifies an existing schema to
fit a new experience is using:
a) Assimilation
b) Accommodation
c) Equilibration
d) Scaffolding
Answer: b) Accommodation
Rationale: Accommodation changes the schema to incorporate
,new information. Assimilation fits new info into an existing
schema without change.
3. Vygotsky’s term for the range of tasks a child cannot do alone
but can do with help is:
a) Concrete operational stage
b) Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
c) Scaffolding
d) Cultural tool
Answer: b) Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Rationale: ZPD is the gap between independent and assisted
performance. Scaffolding is the support given within the ZPD.
4. According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, the
microsystem includes:
a) Cultural values and laws
b) Transitions such as moving to a new city
c) Immediate interactions like family and school
d) The timing of historical events
Answer: c) Immediate interactions like family and school
Rationale: Microsystem is the innermost layer of direct contact.
Macrosystem is culture; mesosystem links microsystems;
chronosystem involves time.
5. A researcher studies the same group of 100 children at ages 5,
10, and 15. This is a:
a) Cross-sectional study
b) Longitudinal study
c) Sequential study
d) Case study
Answer: b) Longitudinal study
,Rationale: Longitudinal follows the same participants over time.
Cross-sectional compares different age groups at one time.
6. Which research method can establish cause-and-effect
relationships?
a) Naturalistic observation
b) Correlational study
c) Experiment
d) Survey
Answer: c) Experiment
Rationale: Experiments manipulate variables and control
extraneous factors, allowing causal inferences.
7. A correlation of –0.75 between hours of TV watched and
vocabulary size means:
a) More TV causes smaller vocabulary
b) TV viewing and vocabulary are unrelated
c) Higher TV is associated with lower vocabulary
d) Low TV viewing causes high vocabulary
Answer: c) Higher TV is associated with lower vocabulary
Rationale: Negative correlation means as one variable increases,
the other decreases. Correlation does not imply causation.
8. The “nature versus nurture” debate focuses on:
a) Continuity vs. discontinuity
b) Genetics vs. environment
c) Stability vs. change
d) Universal vs. context-specific development
Answer: b) Genetics vs. environment
Rationale: Nature = heredity, nurture = environment. The other
options are different developmental issues.
, 9. Who proposed the ecological systems theory emphasizing
multiple environmental layers?
a) Piaget
b) Erikson
c) Vygotsky
d) Bronfenbrenner
Answer: d) Bronfenbrenner
Rationale: Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model includes micro-,
meso-, exo-, macro-, chronosystems.
10. A child who understands that a ball of clay flattened into a
pancake still has the same amount of clay has acquired:
a) Object permanence
b) Egocentrism
c) Conservation
d) Reversibility
Answer: c) Conservation
Rationale: Conservation is the understanding that quantity
remains despite changes in shape. It develops in the concrete
operational stage.
11. Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development occurs
during infancy and is:
a) Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
b) Initiative vs. guilt
c) Trust vs. mistrust
d) Industry vs. inferiority
Answer: c) Trust vs. mistrust
Rationale: Birth to ~18 months; infants learn to trust caregivers
for basic needs.
