WGU D669 Early Literacy Methods
Questions and Answers | Complete
Study Guide with Rationales | Grade
A+
• print awareness . Answer: the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in
a book or written material
• letter awareness . Answer: the understanding that letters are representations of
sounds
• book awareness . Answer: the understanding of how books work, including
concepts such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front
and back cover
• concepts about print . Answer: the understanding of how printed materials, such
as books and other written texts, function and are structured
• phonological awareness . Answer: the ability to recognize and manipulate the
sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual
speech sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
• phonemic awareness . Answer: a subset of phonological awareness and
specifically refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes
(speech sounds) in spoken words
• syllables . Answer: units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound
and may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds
, • onset . Answer: the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the letter sound
• rime . Answer: the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it
• consonant . Answer: a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air
through the vocal tract
• vowel . Answer: a speech sound produced without significant constriction or
closure of the vocal tract
• stops . Answer: consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
• nasals . Answer: consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open,
allowing air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/
• fricatives . Answer: consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow opening
or passage in the vocal tract creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/,
and /th/
• affricatives . Answer: consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release
with friction such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/
• glides . Answer: consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, including
/h/, /w/, and /y/
Questions and Answers | Complete
Study Guide with Rationales | Grade
A+
• print awareness . Answer: the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in
a book or written material
• letter awareness . Answer: the understanding that letters are representations of
sounds
• book awareness . Answer: the understanding of how books work, including
concepts such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front
and back cover
• concepts about print . Answer: the understanding of how printed materials, such
as books and other written texts, function and are structured
• phonological awareness . Answer: the ability to recognize and manipulate the
sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual
speech sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
• phonemic awareness . Answer: a subset of phonological awareness and
specifically refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes
(speech sounds) in spoken words
• syllables . Answer: units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound
and may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds
, • onset . Answer: the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the letter sound
• rime . Answer: the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it
• consonant . Answer: a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air
through the vocal tract
• vowel . Answer: a speech sound produced without significant constriction or
closure of the vocal tract
• stops . Answer: consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
• nasals . Answer: consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open,
allowing air to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/
• fricatives . Answer: consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow opening
or passage in the vocal tract creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/,
and /th/
• affricatives . Answer: consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release
with friction such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/
• glides . Answer: consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, including
/h/, /w/, and /y/
