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Samenvatting Biomechanica Deel 2 | VUB | Revalidatiewetenschappen en kinesitherapie 1BARE

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Dit studiemateriaal bevat: - H1: Arbeid, energie en vermogen - H2: Lichaamszwaartepunt en traagheidsmoment - H3: Data - H4: Musculoskeletale biomechanica - H5: Inverse dynamica

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Biomechanica

H1: Arbeid, energie en vermogen

1.1 Arbeid
 = de transfer v energie nr of v/e lichaam o.i.v. een kracht die in dezelfde richting is als de
bewegingsrichting
 Observeerbare effecten:
o Verandering in positie
o Verandering in snelheid
o Verandering in vorm
 Grootheid: W
 Eenheid: J of calorie
 W=F.d
 W = M . 
 W = E
 Oppervlakte onder de kracht-verplaatsingscurve:
constante kracht niet-constante kracht




 Arbeid t.h.v. lichaamszwaartepunt:
o Lager LZP = langere arbeidsweg -> hoger springen
 Arbeid in het menselijk lichaam:
o Concentrische contractie:
 W = (+M) . (+) = +W
 W = (-M) . (-) = +W
o Excentrische contractie:
 W = (+M) . (-) = -W
 W = (-M) . (+) = -W

1.2 Energie
 = de capaciteit om arbeid te verrichten
 Grootheid: E
 Eenheid: J
 Soorten energie:
o Thermisch
o Elektrisch
o Nucleair
o Solair
o Chemisch
o Mechanisch

, 1.2.1 Mechanische energie
 Kinetische energie:
o Ekin lin = m . v
o Ekin rot = I . 
o Ekin totaal = Ekin lin + Ekin rot
 Gravitationele potentiële energie:
o Epot grav = m . g . h
 Elastische potentiële energie:
o Epot elas = k . x
o Hill-type muscle model:
 Uitrekking -> elastische E opslaan
 Teruveren -> elastische E vrijgeven
 PEE = parallel elastisch element -> bindweefsel
 SEE = serieel elastisch element -> pees
 CE = contractiel element -> sarcomeer
 Behoud v energie:
o Totale mechanische E = constant
o E wordt omgezet v 1 vorm in een andere
 Ekin <-> Epot elas : katapult
 Ekin <-> Ewarmte : perpetuum mobile
 Echemisch (= ATP) -> spiercontractie -> Ewarmte + vlin + vrot + hoogtewinst
 Ekin <-> Epot grav :
 In vrije val




 Pendulum
 Inverted pendulum -> wandelen




1.3 Vermogen
 = snelheid waarmee de energiestaat v/e voorwerp verandert
 Grootheid: P
 Eenheid: W = j/s
 P = W / t
 Linear: P = F . v
 Angulair: P = M . 
 Gewrichtsvermogen = joint power:
o Concentrische spierwerking -> power generatie
o Excentrische spierwerking -> power absorptie

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May 11, 2026
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