MCAT Metabolic Pathways Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
1. What are the aer- Aerobic: To convert glucose to pyruvate and ATP. Pyruvate can be burned for energy
obic and anaer- (TCA) or converted to fat (fatty acid synthesis).
obic functions of
glycolysis? Where Anaerobic: ATP production. Recycle NADH by making lactate.
does it occur?
Occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells
2. Glycolysis regula- Primary signals:
tion (signals) - Insulin turns on
- Glucagon turns ott
- Epinephrine turns on in muscle, ott in liver
- Phosphorylation turns ott in liver, on in muscles
Secondary signals:
- activated by low ATP and
Fructose 2,6-P
- inhibited by low glucose and high ATP
3. What are the ma- - Glucose in, pyruvate or lactate out.
jor glycolysis con- - Glucose 6-phosphate to glycogen (reversible).
nections? - Glucose 6-phosphate to pentose phosphates (not reversible).
- Pyruvate to TCA via acetyl-CoA (not reversible).
- Pyruvate to fat via acetyl-CoA (not reversible).
4. Glycolysis Equa- Fermentation: Partial oxidation of metabolite (glucose) to pyruvate
tion and ATP
Yields (anaerobic) Glucose 2ADP 2Pᵢ ’2ATP 2 lactate
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, MCAT Metabolic Pathways Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
(no NAD⁺)
Yield:
1 glucose ’2ATP 2 lactate
5. Fermentation Purpose: regenerate NAD⁺ for glycolysis. 1 NAD⁺ is net for every pyruvate in a
oxidation-reduction reaction: reduce pyruvate, oxidize NADH
- 2 net ATP per glucose
- Pyruvate reduced to either alcohol (bacteria) or lactate (humans)
6. Glycolysis Equa- Glucose 2ADP 2Pᵢ 2NAD⁺ ’2 pyruvate 2ATP 2NADH 2H⁺
tion and ATP
Yields (aerobic) Yield:
1 glucose ’2ATP 2NADH 2 pyruvate
7. Glycolysis steps "Goodness Gracious, Fred's Father Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) PrEPare Pies"
Glucose
Glucose-6-P
Fructose-6-P
Fructose-1,6-diP
Dihydroxyacetone-P
Glyceraldehyde-P
1,3- Biphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate (to)
Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP]
Pyruvate
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1. What are the aer- Aerobic: To convert glucose to pyruvate and ATP. Pyruvate can be burned for energy
obic and anaer- (TCA) or converted to fat (fatty acid synthesis).
obic functions of
glycolysis? Where Anaerobic: ATP production. Recycle NADH by making lactate.
does it occur?
Occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells
2. Glycolysis regula- Primary signals:
tion (signals) - Insulin turns on
- Glucagon turns ott
- Epinephrine turns on in muscle, ott in liver
- Phosphorylation turns ott in liver, on in muscles
Secondary signals:
- activated by low ATP and
Fructose 2,6-P
- inhibited by low glucose and high ATP
3. What are the ma- - Glucose in, pyruvate or lactate out.
jor glycolysis con- - Glucose 6-phosphate to glycogen (reversible).
nections? - Glucose 6-phosphate to pentose phosphates (not reversible).
- Pyruvate to TCA via acetyl-CoA (not reversible).
- Pyruvate to fat via acetyl-CoA (not reversible).
4. Glycolysis Equa- Fermentation: Partial oxidation of metabolite (glucose) to pyruvate
tion and ATP
Yields (anaerobic) Glucose 2ADP 2Pᵢ ’2ATP 2 lactate
1/8
, MCAT Metabolic Pathways Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
(no NAD⁺)
Yield:
1 glucose ’2ATP 2 lactate
5. Fermentation Purpose: regenerate NAD⁺ for glycolysis. 1 NAD⁺ is net for every pyruvate in a
oxidation-reduction reaction: reduce pyruvate, oxidize NADH
- 2 net ATP per glucose
- Pyruvate reduced to either alcohol (bacteria) or lactate (humans)
6. Glycolysis Equa- Glucose 2ADP 2Pᵢ 2NAD⁺ ’2 pyruvate 2ATP 2NADH 2H⁺
tion and ATP
Yields (aerobic) Yield:
1 glucose ’2ATP 2NADH 2 pyruvate
7. Glycolysis steps "Goodness Gracious, Fred's Father Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) PrEPare Pies"
Glucose
Glucose-6-P
Fructose-6-P
Fructose-1,6-diP
Dihydroxyacetone-P
Glyceraldehyde-P
1,3- Biphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate (to)
Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP]
Pyruvate
2/8
