EPIC WILLOW TESTS COMPILATION PRACTICE
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTION BANK FULL
SOLUTION SET
◉ Assessing Members of Culturally Diverse Populations.
Answer: -Considerations include acculturation, identity, language
proficiency, availability of appropriate norms, cultural equivalence of
content measured by the test, and availability of more culturally
appropriate alternatives
-There are no truly culture-fair or culture-free tests
-Research has found no consistent effect of match or mismatch
between examiner and examinee in terms of race, ethnicity, or
culture
◉ Self-Report.
Answer: -One of the most common data collection methods
-Advantages include quick production and scoring, and low cost
-Disadvantages can include weaker reliability and validity
◉ Multi-Informant Report.
Answer: -Advantages include increased information about the client
-Disadvantages can include inconsistency in reports across various
informants
,◉ Psychophysiological Measures.
Answer: -Used to observe physiological functions which can often
describe the emotional state of an individual
-Advantages include ability to analyze momentary experiences
without intervening in the interaction while it occurs
-Disadvantages can include monetary expense and that not every
momentary experience may be important
◉ Direct Observation.
Answer: -Observational study; method of collecting evaluative
information in which the evaluator watches the participant in their
usual environment to evaluate ongoing behavior processes; can be
overt or covert
-Structured: most appropriate when standardized information needs
to be gathered and results in quantitative data
-Unstructured: provides qualitative data
-Disadvantages can include participant and observer bias
◉ Structured vs Unstructured Interview.
Answer: -Structured: fixed set of close questions; easier to replicate
and test for reliability; not as flexible and answers may lack detail
,-Unstructured: more flexible; questions can be adapted as needed;
generate a lot of qualitative data; time consuming; interviewers need
more training
◉ Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence.
Answer: -Proposed a general intellectual factor (g)
-Argued that performance on any cognitive task depends on g plus
one or more specific factors (s) unique to the task
◉ Horn and Cattell's Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence.
Answer: Crystallized (Gc): acquired knowledge and skills; affected
by educational and cultural experiences; includes reading, numerical
skill, and factual knowledge
Fluid (Gf): enables individuals to solve novel problems and perceive
relations and similarities; does not depend on specific instruction;
relatively culture-free
-Crystalized intelligence increases until ~age 60, while fluid
intelligence peaks in late adolescence and then declines (related to
declines in working memory and processing speed)
◉ Carroll's Three-Stratum Theory of Intelligence.
Answer: -Stratum III: generalized intelligence (g)
-Stratum II: 8 broad abilities including fluid intelligence, crystallized
intelligence, general memory and learning
, -Stratum I: specific abilities each linked to one of the second stratum
abilities
◉ Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory of Cognitive Abilities
(McGrew).
Answer: -Combination of the Horn-Cattell and Carroll theories;
serves as basis for the WoJo
-Distinguishes between 10 broad-stratum abilities and over 70
narrow-stratum abilities
-G is omitted from this theory because McGrew did not believe it to
contribute to psychoeducational assessment
◉ Guilford's Convergent and Divergent Thinking.
Answer: -Structure-of-intellect model
-Convergent: relies on rational, logical reasoning and involves the
use of logical judgement and consideration of facts to derive the
correct solution to a problem; focus of intelligence tests
-Divergent: involves non-logical processes and requires creativity
and flexibility to derive multiple solutions
◉ Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Answer: -Successful intelligence is the ability to adapt to, modify,
and choose environments that accomplish one's goals and the goals
of society
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTION BANK FULL
SOLUTION SET
◉ Assessing Members of Culturally Diverse Populations.
Answer: -Considerations include acculturation, identity, language
proficiency, availability of appropriate norms, cultural equivalence of
content measured by the test, and availability of more culturally
appropriate alternatives
-There are no truly culture-fair or culture-free tests
-Research has found no consistent effect of match or mismatch
between examiner and examinee in terms of race, ethnicity, or
culture
◉ Self-Report.
Answer: -One of the most common data collection methods
-Advantages include quick production and scoring, and low cost
-Disadvantages can include weaker reliability and validity
◉ Multi-Informant Report.
Answer: -Advantages include increased information about the client
-Disadvantages can include inconsistency in reports across various
informants
,◉ Psychophysiological Measures.
Answer: -Used to observe physiological functions which can often
describe the emotional state of an individual
-Advantages include ability to analyze momentary experiences
without intervening in the interaction while it occurs
-Disadvantages can include monetary expense and that not every
momentary experience may be important
◉ Direct Observation.
Answer: -Observational study; method of collecting evaluative
information in which the evaluator watches the participant in their
usual environment to evaluate ongoing behavior processes; can be
overt or covert
-Structured: most appropriate when standardized information needs
to be gathered and results in quantitative data
-Unstructured: provides qualitative data
-Disadvantages can include participant and observer bias
◉ Structured vs Unstructured Interview.
Answer: -Structured: fixed set of close questions; easier to replicate
and test for reliability; not as flexible and answers may lack detail
,-Unstructured: more flexible; questions can be adapted as needed;
generate a lot of qualitative data; time consuming; interviewers need
more training
◉ Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence.
Answer: -Proposed a general intellectual factor (g)
-Argued that performance on any cognitive task depends on g plus
one or more specific factors (s) unique to the task
◉ Horn and Cattell's Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence.
Answer: Crystallized (Gc): acquired knowledge and skills; affected
by educational and cultural experiences; includes reading, numerical
skill, and factual knowledge
Fluid (Gf): enables individuals to solve novel problems and perceive
relations and similarities; does not depend on specific instruction;
relatively culture-free
-Crystalized intelligence increases until ~age 60, while fluid
intelligence peaks in late adolescence and then declines (related to
declines in working memory and processing speed)
◉ Carroll's Three-Stratum Theory of Intelligence.
Answer: -Stratum III: generalized intelligence (g)
-Stratum II: 8 broad abilities including fluid intelligence, crystallized
intelligence, general memory and learning
, -Stratum I: specific abilities each linked to one of the second stratum
abilities
◉ Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory of Cognitive Abilities
(McGrew).
Answer: -Combination of the Horn-Cattell and Carroll theories;
serves as basis for the WoJo
-Distinguishes between 10 broad-stratum abilities and over 70
narrow-stratum abilities
-G is omitted from this theory because McGrew did not believe it to
contribute to psychoeducational assessment
◉ Guilford's Convergent and Divergent Thinking.
Answer: -Structure-of-intellect model
-Convergent: relies on rational, logical reasoning and involves the
use of logical judgement and consideration of facts to derive the
correct solution to a problem; focus of intelligence tests
-Divergent: involves non-logical processes and requires creativity
and flexibility to derive multiple solutions
◉ Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Answer: -Successful intelligence is the ability to adapt to, modify,
and choose environments that accomplish one's goals and the goals
of society
