NUR 111 FINAL EXAM 2026 /2027 with correct
answers.
Electrolyte balance and imbalances - ANSWER💫✔️--▪ Sodium
Major cation in ECF
Hyponatremia - serum level below 136 mEq/L
♦Interventions
➢ Priority is monitoring the pt. response to therapy
to prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload
➢ Drug therapy
➢ Nutrition therapy
▪ Increasing oral Na intake and restricting oral
fluid intake
Hypernatremia
♦Serum Na level over 145 mEq/L
Medication error - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Any preventable event that may cause or lead to
inappropriate medication use or pt. harm while the
medication is in the control of the health care professional,
patient or consumer
______ rinses for chemo patients - ANSWER💫✔️--Normal saline
Sources of Infection Chain - ANSWER💫✔️--Agent - organism the spreads disease
,Reservoir - where organism live
Exit - how organisms escape reservoir
Transmission - how organism spreads pathogens
Entry - how pathogen enter host
Host - infected with pathogens form organisms
3 stages of Inflammation - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Vascular and cellular response
▪ Redness, heat, pain, swelling
➢ Inflammatory exudates (drainage)
➢ Tissue repair
ASEPSIS - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Medical = clean technique
➢ Surgical = sterile technique
Must have Dr. order to put patient in ______ - ANSWER💫✔️--shower or tub
Do not offer a _____ a back rub - ANSWER💫✔️--heart patients
________ swabs dry the mucous membrane and erodes enamel - ANSWER💫✔️--Lemon glycerine
➢ Assess for gag reflex
➢ Sims position
➢ Suction available
➢ Never use your finger to keep mouth open
➢ Need more frequent oral care
➢ Petroleum jelly on lips - ANSWER💫✔️--Oral hygiene for unconscious patient
Bed positions - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Fowlers - 45 degrees
,➢ Semi fowlers - 30 degrees
➢ Trendelenburg - head of bed down
➢ Reverse trendelenburg - foot of bed down
➢ Flat
What is the difference in the scope of practice of RN's and LPN's? - ANSWER💫✔️--A RN can function
independently, LPN can do an assessment, but must report to RN
What would an RN who has been inactive for more than 5 years need to do to be removed from the
inactive list? - ANSWER💫✔️--Prove they've been active in another state or apply and take an approved
refresher course
How many times per year, is the licensure exam for RN's administered? - ANSWER💫✔️--2 times a year
HIPPA - ANSWER💫✔️--Protects confidentiality and privacy of pt. health
information
➢ 4 areas
▪ Portability of healthcare coverage
▪ Privacy regulation
▪ Security regulation
▪ Administrative provisions for transmissions of electronic
Patient self determination act - ANSWER💫✔️--Requires health care agencies to provide written info. to
clients about their right to make decisions about their care
Legal aspects of pt. rights - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Informed consent
▪ Nurse cannot obtain consent
➢ Leaving against medical advice
▪ Explain dangers and risks of leaving
, ➢ Physical restraints
▪ Last resort
▪ Expires every 24 hr.
Diagnostic related groups - ANSWER💫✔️--Payment is predetermined based on diagnosis
Advance directives - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Living will
▪ Documents a person's wishes will still living
➢ Durable power of attorney
▪ Allows a designee to make decisions if pt. becomes
incapacitated
Autonomy - ANSWER💫✔️--self determination; acting on one's own
Beneficence - ANSWER💫✔️--doing or actively promoting good
Confidentiality - ANSWER💫✔️--respecting privileged info. on pt.
Justice - ANSWER💫✔️--being fair or equal in one's action
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER💫✔️--the duty to do no harm to a pt.
Veracity - ANSWER💫✔️--the duty to tell the truth
Fidelity - ANSWER💫✔️--the duty to tell the truth
Colonization - ANSWER💫✔️--the establishment and growth of
microorganisms on the skin, open wounds, or mucous
answers.
Electrolyte balance and imbalances - ANSWER💫✔️--▪ Sodium
Major cation in ECF
Hyponatremia - serum level below 136 mEq/L
♦Interventions
➢ Priority is monitoring the pt. response to therapy
to prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload
➢ Drug therapy
➢ Nutrition therapy
▪ Increasing oral Na intake and restricting oral
fluid intake
Hypernatremia
♦Serum Na level over 145 mEq/L
Medication error - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Any preventable event that may cause or lead to
inappropriate medication use or pt. harm while the
medication is in the control of the health care professional,
patient or consumer
______ rinses for chemo patients - ANSWER💫✔️--Normal saline
Sources of Infection Chain - ANSWER💫✔️--Agent - organism the spreads disease
,Reservoir - where organism live
Exit - how organisms escape reservoir
Transmission - how organism spreads pathogens
Entry - how pathogen enter host
Host - infected with pathogens form organisms
3 stages of Inflammation - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Vascular and cellular response
▪ Redness, heat, pain, swelling
➢ Inflammatory exudates (drainage)
➢ Tissue repair
ASEPSIS - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Medical = clean technique
➢ Surgical = sterile technique
Must have Dr. order to put patient in ______ - ANSWER💫✔️--shower or tub
Do not offer a _____ a back rub - ANSWER💫✔️--heart patients
________ swabs dry the mucous membrane and erodes enamel - ANSWER💫✔️--Lemon glycerine
➢ Assess for gag reflex
➢ Sims position
➢ Suction available
➢ Never use your finger to keep mouth open
➢ Need more frequent oral care
➢ Petroleum jelly on lips - ANSWER💫✔️--Oral hygiene for unconscious patient
Bed positions - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Fowlers - 45 degrees
,➢ Semi fowlers - 30 degrees
➢ Trendelenburg - head of bed down
➢ Reverse trendelenburg - foot of bed down
➢ Flat
What is the difference in the scope of practice of RN's and LPN's? - ANSWER💫✔️--A RN can function
independently, LPN can do an assessment, but must report to RN
What would an RN who has been inactive for more than 5 years need to do to be removed from the
inactive list? - ANSWER💫✔️--Prove they've been active in another state or apply and take an approved
refresher course
How many times per year, is the licensure exam for RN's administered? - ANSWER💫✔️--2 times a year
HIPPA - ANSWER💫✔️--Protects confidentiality and privacy of pt. health
information
➢ 4 areas
▪ Portability of healthcare coverage
▪ Privacy regulation
▪ Security regulation
▪ Administrative provisions for transmissions of electronic
Patient self determination act - ANSWER💫✔️--Requires health care agencies to provide written info. to
clients about their right to make decisions about their care
Legal aspects of pt. rights - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Informed consent
▪ Nurse cannot obtain consent
➢ Leaving against medical advice
▪ Explain dangers and risks of leaving
, ➢ Physical restraints
▪ Last resort
▪ Expires every 24 hr.
Diagnostic related groups - ANSWER💫✔️--Payment is predetermined based on diagnosis
Advance directives - ANSWER💫✔️--➢ Living will
▪ Documents a person's wishes will still living
➢ Durable power of attorney
▪ Allows a designee to make decisions if pt. becomes
incapacitated
Autonomy - ANSWER💫✔️--self determination; acting on one's own
Beneficence - ANSWER💫✔️--doing or actively promoting good
Confidentiality - ANSWER💫✔️--respecting privileged info. on pt.
Justice - ANSWER💫✔️--being fair or equal in one's action
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER💫✔️--the duty to do no harm to a pt.
Veracity - ANSWER💫✔️--the duty to tell the truth
Fidelity - ANSWER💫✔️--the duty to tell the truth
Colonization - ANSWER💫✔️--the establishment and growth of
microorganisms on the skin, open wounds, or mucous
