Neurobiology Final Exam with correct answers 100% 2026

Neurobiology Final Exam with correct answers 100% 2026 Golgi tendon organs are most sensitive to - Correct Answer muscle tension Which motor units are resistant to fatigue? - Correct Answer Both slow and fast fatigue-resistant In an anticipatory postural response of a standing person about to tug on a handle, the early response of leg muscles (such as the gastrocnemius) that precedes the actual tug is an example of - Correct Answer Feedforward Motor Control A woman sustains a spinal cord injury in a car accident and loses the ability to move her fingers and her hand. The injury most likely damaged which region of her spinal cord? - Correct Answer Lateral Ventral Horn The brain areas highlighted orange and red, respectively, are the - Correct Answer premotor cortex and primary motor cortex. The lamprey central pattern generator (CPG) - Correct Answer generates an alternating left-right bending pattern by means of crossed inhibitory fibers. Which function does the reticular formation contribute to? - Correct Answer Relaxation of muscles during restful periods Which nuclei comprise the striatum? - Correct Answer putamen and caudate The transmitter for the medium spiny neurons of the striatum is - Correct Answer GABA What evidence suggests that medium spiny neurons are associated with a decision to move? - Correct Answer Neurons in the putamen and caudate discharge seconds before the initiation of movement. Alcohol-induced damage to the vermis of the cerebellum has been associated with - Correct Answer a wide and staggering gait. Which part of the cerebellum receives input directly from the spinal cord? - Correct Answer Spinocerebellum You are watching a movie and having a snack when you accidentally drop some of your food, causing you to avert your gaze from the television across the room to your lap. What is one visual response that will occur? - Correct Answer Accommodation of the lens What is the purpose of the adrenal medulla? - Correct Answer to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the system Which action is not a function of the hypothalamus? - Correct Answer Enhancement of diverse sensorimotor transformations Which tissue is not innervated by the autonomic nervous system? - Correct Answer Bones/Cerebrum Once the neural tube has formed, the next step in the formation of the nervous system is - Correct Answer neurogenesis. A young, female patient was developing normally until age 3, but then began to show autistic-like social behaviors, a regression in her language and cognitive skills, and motor deficits. Which condition does the patient most likely have? - Correct Answer Rett Syndrome What is the difference between embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs)? - Correct Answer IPSCs are created from fully differentiated cells; ESCs are generated from the first cell divisions after fertilization. The most common means by which migrating neurons move through the CNS is by - Correct Answer following radial glia fibers. A mutation in which gene would lead to abnormalities in spacing of dendritic branches? - Correct Answer DSCAM Axon guidance cues can affect - Correct Answer a. actin and tubulin dynamics. b. the complement of receptors and channels at the surface of the plasma membrane. c. the expression of different neural genes. d. the microtubule cytoskeleton. ALL OF THE ABOVE How are a cortical neuron's birthday and cortical organization related? - Correct Answer Cells that originate at about the same time are organized into the same cortical layers. If one followed a growth cone through a "decision point" at which a choice about direction must be made, one would observe the growth cone - Correct Answer extending numerous filopodia, as if searching for environmental cues. Golgi tendon organs are most sensitive to - Correct Answer muscle tension Which motor units are resistant to fatigue? - Correct Answer Both slow and fast fatigue-resistant In an anticipatory postural response of a standing person about to tug on a handle, the early response of leg muscles (such as the gastrocnemius) that precedes the actual tug is an example of - Correct Answer Feedforward Motor Control A woman sustains a spinal cord injury in a car accident and loses the ability to move her fingers and her hand. The injury most likely damaged which region of her spinal cord? - Correct Answer Lateral Ventral Horn The brain areas highlighted orange and red, respectively, are the - Correct Answer premotor cortex and primary motor cortex. The lamprey central pattern generator (CPG) - Correct Answer generates an alternating left-right bending pattern by means of crossed inhibitory fibers. Which function does the reticular formation contribute to? - Correct Answer Relaxation of muscles during restful periods Which nuclei comprise the striatum? - Correct Answer putamen and caudate The transmitter for the medium spiny neurons of the striatum is - Correct Answer GABA What evidence suggests that medium spiny neurons are associated with a decision to move? - Correct Answer Neurons in the putamen and caudate discharge seconds before the initiation of movement. Alcohol-induced damage to the vermis of the cerebellum has been associated with - Correct Answer a wide and staggering gait. Which part of the cerebellum receives input directly from the spinal cord? - Correct Answer Spinocerebellum You are watching a movie and having a snack when you accidentally drop some of your food, causing you to avert your gaze from the television across the room to your lap. What is one visual response that will occur? - Correct Answer Accommodation of the lens What is the purpose of the adrenal medulla? - Correct Answer to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the system Which action is not a function of the hypothalamus? - Correct Answer Enhancement of diverse sensorimotor transformations Which tissue is not innervated by the autonomic nervous system? - Correct Answer Bones/Cerebrum Once the neural tube has formed, the next step in the formation of the nervous system is - Correct Answer neurogenesis. A young, female patient was developing normally until age 3, but then began to show autistic-like social behaviors, a regression in her language and cognitive skills, and motor deficits. Which condition does the patient most likely have? - Correct Answer Rett Syndrome What is the difference between embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs)? - Correct Answer IPSCs are created from fully differentiated cells; ESCs are generated from the first cell divisions after fertilization. The most common means by which migrating neurons move through the CNS is by - Correct Answer following radial glia fibers. A mutation in which gene would lead to abnormalities in spacing of dendritic branches? - Correct Answer DSCAM Axon guidance cues can affect - Correct Answer a. actin and tubulin dynamics. b. the complement of receptors and channels at the surface of the plasma membrane. c. the expression of different neural genes. d. the microtubule cytoskeleton. ALL OF THE ABOVE How are a cortical neuron's birthday and cortical organization related? - Correct Answer Cells that originate at about the same time are organized into the same cortical layers. If one followed a growth cone through a "decision point" at which a choice about direction must be made, one would observe the growth cone - Correct Answer extending numerous filopodia, as if searching for environmental cues.