Biochemistry ACS Exam with well
explained solutions
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Near-universal pathway in which glucose molecule is oxidized to two
molecules of pyruvate, with energy conserved as ATP and NADH
Glycolytic breakdown - CORRECT ANSWERS-Glucose is the sole source of metabolic energy in some
mammalian tissues and cell types
Fermentation - CORRECT ANSWERS-general form for the anaerobic degradation of glucose or other
organic nutrients to obtain energy, conserved as ATP
Preparatory phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-ATP is invested to convert glucose to fructose 1,6-
bisphosphate.
C3 & C4 broken to yield two molecules of triose phosphate.
Glycolysis: Preparatory phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Glucose phosphorylated at OH on C-6, ATP used
*hexokinase*
2. glucose 6-phosphate thus formed is converted to fructose 6-phosphate.
*phosphohexose isomerase*
3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phorylated at C-1 to yield Fructose
1,6-bisphosphate, ATP used
*PFK-1*
4. Fructose 6-phosphate splits to 2 three carbon molecules, DHAP and GAP
, *aldolase*
5. DHAP isomerize to GAP
*triose phosphate isomerase*
(2 GAP molecules)
Glycolysis: Payoff phase-basic def. - CORRECT ANSWERS-The energy of ATP is invested, raising the free-
energy content of the intermediates, and the carbon chains of all the metabolized hexoses are
converted to a common GAP (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
Yields 2 ATP and NADH per triose phosphate oxidized.
Glycolysis: Payoff phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-6. GAP is oxidized and phosphorylated by inorganic
phosphate (not by ATP) to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
*glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase*
7. Energy is released as two molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Converted to two molecules of
pyruvate
*phosphoglycerate kinase*
8. Creates 3-phosphoglycerate.
*Phosphoglycerate mutase*-moves inorganic P from 3 to 2-C.
9. Creates 2-Phosphoglycerate. Releases 2 H2O.
*Enolase*
10. Makes phosphoenolpyruvate
explained solutions
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Near-universal pathway in which glucose molecule is oxidized to two
molecules of pyruvate, with energy conserved as ATP and NADH
Glycolytic breakdown - CORRECT ANSWERS-Glucose is the sole source of metabolic energy in some
mammalian tissues and cell types
Fermentation - CORRECT ANSWERS-general form for the anaerobic degradation of glucose or other
organic nutrients to obtain energy, conserved as ATP
Preparatory phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-ATP is invested to convert glucose to fructose 1,6-
bisphosphate.
C3 & C4 broken to yield two molecules of triose phosphate.
Glycolysis: Preparatory phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Glucose phosphorylated at OH on C-6, ATP used
*hexokinase*
2. glucose 6-phosphate thus formed is converted to fructose 6-phosphate.
*phosphohexose isomerase*
3. Fructose 6-phosphate is phorylated at C-1 to yield Fructose
1,6-bisphosphate, ATP used
*PFK-1*
4. Fructose 6-phosphate splits to 2 three carbon molecules, DHAP and GAP
, *aldolase*
5. DHAP isomerize to GAP
*triose phosphate isomerase*
(2 GAP molecules)
Glycolysis: Payoff phase-basic def. - CORRECT ANSWERS-The energy of ATP is invested, raising the free-
energy content of the intermediates, and the carbon chains of all the metabolized hexoses are
converted to a common GAP (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
Yields 2 ATP and NADH per triose phosphate oxidized.
Glycolysis: Payoff phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-6. GAP is oxidized and phosphorylated by inorganic
phosphate (not by ATP) to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
*glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase*
7. Energy is released as two molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Converted to two molecules of
pyruvate
*phosphoglycerate kinase*
8. Creates 3-phosphoglycerate.
*Phosphoglycerate mutase*-moves inorganic P from 3 to 2-C.
9. Creates 2-Phosphoglycerate. Releases 2 H2O.
*Enolase*
10. Makes phosphoenolpyruvate
