FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROBIOLOGY
EXAM 2
types of somatosensation - Correct Answers -mechano, thermo ,noci
types of somatosensory receptors - Correct Answers -mechanoreceptors: skin (extero)
and intero (muscle/bone)
thermoreceptors: temp
nocireceptors: extreme sensation
exteroreceptors - Correct Answers -merkel, messiner, ruffini, pacinian
spatial resolution of sensory resolution - Correct Answers -high: m/m
low: pacinian, ruffini
slow vs rapid adapting receptors - Correct Answers -rapid: messiner, pacinian
slow: merkel, ruffini
slow adapting - Correct Answers -merkel, ruffini: magnitude and duration of pressure
fast adapting - Correct Answers -meissiner, ruffini: magnitude and change
propioreceptor - muscle spindle - Correct Answers -intrafusal muscle fiber, sense rate of
muscle length change
propriorceptor - GTO - Correct Answers -tendon/muscle junction, sense rate of
contraction
proprioreceptors: bone joint - Correct Answers -bone joints, bone joint movement
sensory transduction - Correct Answers -1. detection of stimuli from receptors
2. stimulus sensitive cation channels
3. voltage gated Na channels
4. AP propagates
2 pathways of somatosensory signals - Correct Answers -dorsal medial - from spinal
sensory neurons to brain
trigeminothalamic - from cranial sensory neurons to brain
, dorsal column (spinal) - Correct Answers -mechano/proprioreceptors -> dorsal root
ganglion -> medulla (CROSSES) -> thalamus -> somatosensory
trigeminothalamic (cranial) - Correct Answers -mechano/proprioreceptors -> trigeminal
ganglion -> medulla (CROSSES) -> thalamus -> somatosensory
contralateral transmission - Correct Answers -1. mechano: trigeminothalamic, dorsal
medial (cross in thalamus)
2. thermo/noci: anterolateral (cross in spine)
3. nasal retinal field (cross at optic chiasm)
4. upper motor neuron
ipsilateral transmission - Correct Answers -1. temporal retinal field
2. 10% of auditory
5. lower motor neuron
bilateral transmission - Correct Answers -1. auditory
2. gustation
dermatome - Correct Answers -1.area of skin -> 1 sensory neuron -> specific spinal
cord segment
2. sensory neuron innervating same body area regardless of sensory modality enters
into the same spinal cord segment
3. each sensory neuron innervates 1 side of the body
s1 (primary somatosensory cortex) - Correct Answers -- neurons dedicated to same
body region grouped together
- cortial area proportional to number of somatosensory receptors
sensory cortical columns + layers - Correct Answers -- SA and RA processed separately
- each column: specific body area + modality
information flow in somatosensory systen - Correct Answers -spine/brain stem -
>thalamus -> s1 -> s2
temperature and pain receptors - TRP receptors - Correct Answers -warm receptors,
cold receptors, pain receptors
how do nocireceptors work? - Correct Answers -only respond to strong stimuli
types of pain - Correct Answers -1. superficial, deep, visceral
2. first pain (Aδ fibers), second pain (c fibers)
pain/temp transmission pathways - Correct Answers -anterolateral
trigeminal
EXAM 2
types of somatosensation - Correct Answers -mechano, thermo ,noci
types of somatosensory receptors - Correct Answers -mechanoreceptors: skin (extero)
and intero (muscle/bone)
thermoreceptors: temp
nocireceptors: extreme sensation
exteroreceptors - Correct Answers -merkel, messiner, ruffini, pacinian
spatial resolution of sensory resolution - Correct Answers -high: m/m
low: pacinian, ruffini
slow vs rapid adapting receptors - Correct Answers -rapid: messiner, pacinian
slow: merkel, ruffini
slow adapting - Correct Answers -merkel, ruffini: magnitude and duration of pressure
fast adapting - Correct Answers -meissiner, ruffini: magnitude and change
propioreceptor - muscle spindle - Correct Answers -intrafusal muscle fiber, sense rate of
muscle length change
propriorceptor - GTO - Correct Answers -tendon/muscle junction, sense rate of
contraction
proprioreceptors: bone joint - Correct Answers -bone joints, bone joint movement
sensory transduction - Correct Answers -1. detection of stimuli from receptors
2. stimulus sensitive cation channels
3. voltage gated Na channels
4. AP propagates
2 pathways of somatosensory signals - Correct Answers -dorsal medial - from spinal
sensory neurons to brain
trigeminothalamic - from cranial sensory neurons to brain
, dorsal column (spinal) - Correct Answers -mechano/proprioreceptors -> dorsal root
ganglion -> medulla (CROSSES) -> thalamus -> somatosensory
trigeminothalamic (cranial) - Correct Answers -mechano/proprioreceptors -> trigeminal
ganglion -> medulla (CROSSES) -> thalamus -> somatosensory
contralateral transmission - Correct Answers -1. mechano: trigeminothalamic, dorsal
medial (cross in thalamus)
2. thermo/noci: anterolateral (cross in spine)
3. nasal retinal field (cross at optic chiasm)
4. upper motor neuron
ipsilateral transmission - Correct Answers -1. temporal retinal field
2. 10% of auditory
5. lower motor neuron
bilateral transmission - Correct Answers -1. auditory
2. gustation
dermatome - Correct Answers -1.area of skin -> 1 sensory neuron -> specific spinal
cord segment
2. sensory neuron innervating same body area regardless of sensory modality enters
into the same spinal cord segment
3. each sensory neuron innervates 1 side of the body
s1 (primary somatosensory cortex) - Correct Answers -- neurons dedicated to same
body region grouped together
- cortial area proportional to number of somatosensory receptors
sensory cortical columns + layers - Correct Answers -- SA and RA processed separately
- each column: specific body area + modality
information flow in somatosensory systen - Correct Answers -spine/brain stem -
>thalamus -> s1 -> s2
temperature and pain receptors - TRP receptors - Correct Answers -warm receptors,
cold receptors, pain receptors
how do nocireceptors work? - Correct Answers -only respond to strong stimuli
types of pain - Correct Answers -1. superficial, deep, visceral
2. first pain (Aδ fibers), second pain (c fibers)
pain/temp transmission pathways - Correct Answers -anterolateral
trigeminal
