AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUICK
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Francis Galton - Correct Answers -maintained that personality and ability depend almost
entirely on genetic inheritance (human traits are inherited)
Charles Darwin - Correct Answers -theory of evolution; survival of the fittest
William Wundt - Correct Answers -(structuralist) introspection; father of modern
psychology
John Watson - Correct Answers -Founder of behaviorism; generalization; applied
classical conditioning skills to advertising; Little Albert Experiment
Alfred Adler - Correct Answers -Neo-Freudian; believed that childhood social, not
sexual, tensions are crucial for personality formation; believed that people are primarily
searching for self esteem and achieving the ideal self
Carl Jung - Correct Answers -believed in a collective unconscious as well as a personal
unconscious that is aware of ancient archetypes which we inherit from our ancestors
Gordon Allport - Correct Answers -3 levels of traits: Cardinal traits (dominant trait) ,
Central trait (everyone has), Secondary trait (apparent sometimes)
Albert Ellis - Correct Answers -father of Rational Emotive Therapy, which focuses on
altering client's patters of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotion
Albert Maslow - Correct Answers -humanistic psychologist who said that we have a
series of needs which must be met; hierarchy of needs
Carl Rogers - Correct Answers -humanistic psychologist who believed in unconditional
positive regard; people will naturally strive for self-actualization, unless society taints
them
B.F. Skinner - Correct Answers -operant conditioning; techniques used to manipulate
the consequences of the organism's behavior to observe the effects of subsequent
behavior; Skinner Box
Ivan Pavlov - Correct Answers -father of classical conditioning; salivating dog
, Noam Chomsky - Correct Answers -believed there are an infinite number of sentences
in a language and that humans have the inborn ability to develop language
Jean Piaget - Correct Answers -4-state theory of cognitive development; sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Erik Erikson - Correct Answers -people evolve thoughts through 8 stages over the life
span; each state is marked by psychological crisis that involves confronting "who I am"
Lawrence Kolhberg - Correct Answers -his theory states that there are 3 levels of moral
reasoning (pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional)
Carol Gilligan - Correct Answers -maintained that Kohlberg's work was developed only
observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral
judgement of men and women
Hans Eyesneck - Correct Answers -personality is determined to a large extent by genes
S. Schacter - Correct Answers -believed that to experience emotion one must be
physically aroused and must label the arousal
just-world phenomenon - Correct Answers -tendency to believe that world is just, and
therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
mere exposure effect - Correct Answers -phenomenon that repeated exposure to stimuli
makes you like it more
misinformation effect - Correct Answers -incorporating false info into memories and
believing they are accurate
Mary Cover Jones - Correct Answers -systematic desensitization maintained that fear
could be unlearned
Benjamin Whorf - Correct Answers -his hypothesis is that language determines the way
we think
Robert Sternberg - Correct Answers -Triarchic theory of intelligence: academic problem-
solving intelligence, practical intelligence, creative intelligence
Howard Gardner - Correct Answers -theory of multiple intelligences
Albert Bandura - Correct Answers -observational learning; BoBo doll experiment
E.L. Thorndike - Correct Answers -law of effect; the principle that behavior followed by
favorable consequences becomes more likely and vice versa
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Francis Galton - Correct Answers -maintained that personality and ability depend almost
entirely on genetic inheritance (human traits are inherited)
Charles Darwin - Correct Answers -theory of evolution; survival of the fittest
William Wundt - Correct Answers -(structuralist) introspection; father of modern
psychology
John Watson - Correct Answers -Founder of behaviorism; generalization; applied
classical conditioning skills to advertising; Little Albert Experiment
Alfred Adler - Correct Answers -Neo-Freudian; believed that childhood social, not
sexual, tensions are crucial for personality formation; believed that people are primarily
searching for self esteem and achieving the ideal self
Carl Jung - Correct Answers -believed in a collective unconscious as well as a personal
unconscious that is aware of ancient archetypes which we inherit from our ancestors
Gordon Allport - Correct Answers -3 levels of traits: Cardinal traits (dominant trait) ,
Central trait (everyone has), Secondary trait (apparent sometimes)
Albert Ellis - Correct Answers -father of Rational Emotive Therapy, which focuses on
altering client's patters of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotion
Albert Maslow - Correct Answers -humanistic psychologist who said that we have a
series of needs which must be met; hierarchy of needs
Carl Rogers - Correct Answers -humanistic psychologist who believed in unconditional
positive regard; people will naturally strive for self-actualization, unless society taints
them
B.F. Skinner - Correct Answers -operant conditioning; techniques used to manipulate
the consequences of the organism's behavior to observe the effects of subsequent
behavior; Skinner Box
Ivan Pavlov - Correct Answers -father of classical conditioning; salivating dog
, Noam Chomsky - Correct Answers -believed there are an infinite number of sentences
in a language and that humans have the inborn ability to develop language
Jean Piaget - Correct Answers -4-state theory of cognitive development; sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Erik Erikson - Correct Answers -people evolve thoughts through 8 stages over the life
span; each state is marked by psychological crisis that involves confronting "who I am"
Lawrence Kolhberg - Correct Answers -his theory states that there are 3 levels of moral
reasoning (pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional)
Carol Gilligan - Correct Answers -maintained that Kohlberg's work was developed only
observing boys and overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral
judgement of men and women
Hans Eyesneck - Correct Answers -personality is determined to a large extent by genes
S. Schacter - Correct Answers -believed that to experience emotion one must be
physically aroused and must label the arousal
just-world phenomenon - Correct Answers -tendency to believe that world is just, and
therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
mere exposure effect - Correct Answers -phenomenon that repeated exposure to stimuli
makes you like it more
misinformation effect - Correct Answers -incorporating false info into memories and
believing they are accurate
Mary Cover Jones - Correct Answers -systematic desensitization maintained that fear
could be unlearned
Benjamin Whorf - Correct Answers -his hypothesis is that language determines the way
we think
Robert Sternberg - Correct Answers -Triarchic theory of intelligence: academic problem-
solving intelligence, practical intelligence, creative intelligence
Howard Gardner - Correct Answers -theory of multiple intelligences
Albert Bandura - Correct Answers -observational learning; BoBo doll experiment
E.L. Thorndike - Correct Answers -law of effect; the principle that behavior followed by
favorable consequences becomes more likely and vice versa
