Exam 3: NUR 6111 (2026 Update) Advanced Practice
Nursing Guide| Questions & Answers Grade A 100%
Correct Verified Solutions
1. Definition: Urinary incontinence
Answer: Involuntary loss of urine (in an adult patient) from the urethra. Major inconvenience. More
common in females than males.
2. Effects of urinary incontinence
Answer: Increased risk of skin infections: incontinence dermatitis (diaper rash), bacterial/fungal
infections. Activities such as running or other high impact exercises are often avoided or stopped.
Avoiding social activities, isolation, depression and anxiety. Financial: 23% of women take time off work.
3. Risk factors (RF) for incontinence
Answer: Increasing age, declining estrogen levels, multiparity, dementia, DM, spinal cord injury/lesion,
prostatic hypertrophy, stroke, medications (e.g., diuretics), immobility.
4. Stress urinary incontinence
Answer: Predictable loss of urine with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (sneezing,
laughing, exercising).
5. Urge urinary incontinence
Answer: Urgency as well as increased urinary frequency or nocturia. Patients typically lose urine on
the way to the toilet.
6. Mixed urinary incontinence
Answer: Has both components of stress and urge incontinence.
7. Overflow urinary incontinence
Answer: Urinary retention and subsequent leakage. Patients may strain to pass urine or have a
sensation of incomplete emptying.
,8. Functional urinary incontinence
Answer: Occurs when there are barriers to toileting such as cognitive impairment, physical frailty or
immobility.
19. Assessment findings for urinary incontinence
Answer: Involuntary loss of urine, urinary urgency, perineal irritation. Pelvic exam: may detect GU
pathology. Rectal exam: may demonstrate prostatic pathology, fecal impaction. Abdomen: may palpate
distended bladder.
10. Urinalysis for urinary incontinence
Answer: Abnormal: hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, glycosuria, proteinuria. Order urine culture if
bacteria is detected.
11. Cystometry for urinary incontinence
Answer: Severe urgency or bladder contractions when <300ml of bladder volume = urge incontinence.
12. BUN, creatinine for urinary incontinence
Answer: Suspected obstruction, noncompliant bladder, urinary retention.
13. FBS and Ca levels for urinary incontinence
Answer: Polyuria and lack of diuretic drugs.
14. Diagnosis (DX) of urinary incontinence
Answer: Urinalysis, cystometry, BUN, creatinine, FBS and Ca levels, voiding diary (203 days indicating
when incontinent episodes occur), post voiding residual volume measurement (200-300ml).
15. Prevention of urinary incontinence
Answer: Kegel exercises or pelvic floor therapy, treatment of BPH, maintain healthy weight, adequate
oral hydration, avoidance of bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol), smoking cessation.
, 17. Non-pharm management of stress urinary incontinence
Answer: Behavioral therapies: timed or double voiding, smoking cessation, weight loss, pelvic muscle
exercises with or without a physical therapist, pessary, bowel management. Surgical: injectables,
bladder neck suspensions, slings, artificial sphincters.
18. Pharm management of stress UI
Answer: Not FDA approved. Alpha adrenergic agonist: pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) - increase urethral
pressure and outlet resistance, may improve s/s without significant side effects. Tricyclic antidepressant:
Imipramine 10-25mg PO up to TID - may be useful in younger patients who have failed other therapies,
alpha agonist and anticholinergic effects. Estrogen - topical cream (may help improve urethral closure).
19. Urge UI non-pharm management
Answer: Behavioral therapies: same as stress UI with bladder training, scheduled voiding, bladder
irritants minimization, and urge suppression. Surgical therapy: neurosacral modulation, bladder
augmentation, botulinum toxin injection.
20. Urge UI pharm management
Answer: Anticholinergic/antimuscarinics: oxybutynin 2.5-5mg PO BID-TID, tolterodine 2mg BID
(caution with bladder outflow obstruction, caution in OA, sedation, confusion, delirium). Beta adrenergic
agonists: mirabegron 25mg PO daily (may increase BP in patients with HTN, not recommended in severe
hepatic or renal impairment).
21. Mixed UI management
Answer: Combination of therapies for stress and urge incontinence.
22. Overflow UI non-pharm management
Answer: Behavioral therapies: timed or double voiding, clean intermittent catheterization, pessary.
Surgery: to relieve urethral obstruction or stricture or to reduce prolapse.
23. Overflow UI pharm management
Answer: Alpha blockers: tamsulosin 0.4mg PO daily, doxazosin 1mg PO daily (may cause orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness, HA). 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: Finasteride 5mg PO daily, dutasteride 0.5mg
PO daily (may cause HA, GI discomfort, decreased libido).
Nursing Guide| Questions & Answers Grade A 100%
Correct Verified Solutions
1. Definition: Urinary incontinence
Answer: Involuntary loss of urine (in an adult patient) from the urethra. Major inconvenience. More
common in females than males.
2. Effects of urinary incontinence
Answer: Increased risk of skin infections: incontinence dermatitis (diaper rash), bacterial/fungal
infections. Activities such as running or other high impact exercises are often avoided or stopped.
Avoiding social activities, isolation, depression and anxiety. Financial: 23% of women take time off work.
3. Risk factors (RF) for incontinence
Answer: Increasing age, declining estrogen levels, multiparity, dementia, DM, spinal cord injury/lesion,
prostatic hypertrophy, stroke, medications (e.g., diuretics), immobility.
4. Stress urinary incontinence
Answer: Predictable loss of urine with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (sneezing,
laughing, exercising).
5. Urge urinary incontinence
Answer: Urgency as well as increased urinary frequency or nocturia. Patients typically lose urine on
the way to the toilet.
6. Mixed urinary incontinence
Answer: Has both components of stress and urge incontinence.
7. Overflow urinary incontinence
Answer: Urinary retention and subsequent leakage. Patients may strain to pass urine or have a
sensation of incomplete emptying.
,8. Functional urinary incontinence
Answer: Occurs when there are barriers to toileting such as cognitive impairment, physical frailty or
immobility.
19. Assessment findings for urinary incontinence
Answer: Involuntary loss of urine, urinary urgency, perineal irritation. Pelvic exam: may detect GU
pathology. Rectal exam: may demonstrate prostatic pathology, fecal impaction. Abdomen: may palpate
distended bladder.
10. Urinalysis for urinary incontinence
Answer: Abnormal: hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, glycosuria, proteinuria. Order urine culture if
bacteria is detected.
11. Cystometry for urinary incontinence
Answer: Severe urgency or bladder contractions when <300ml of bladder volume = urge incontinence.
12. BUN, creatinine for urinary incontinence
Answer: Suspected obstruction, noncompliant bladder, urinary retention.
13. FBS and Ca levels for urinary incontinence
Answer: Polyuria and lack of diuretic drugs.
14. Diagnosis (DX) of urinary incontinence
Answer: Urinalysis, cystometry, BUN, creatinine, FBS and Ca levels, voiding diary (203 days indicating
when incontinent episodes occur), post voiding residual volume measurement (200-300ml).
15. Prevention of urinary incontinence
Answer: Kegel exercises or pelvic floor therapy, treatment of BPH, maintain healthy weight, adequate
oral hydration, avoidance of bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol), smoking cessation.
, 17. Non-pharm management of stress urinary incontinence
Answer: Behavioral therapies: timed or double voiding, smoking cessation, weight loss, pelvic muscle
exercises with or without a physical therapist, pessary, bowel management. Surgical: injectables,
bladder neck suspensions, slings, artificial sphincters.
18. Pharm management of stress UI
Answer: Not FDA approved. Alpha adrenergic agonist: pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) - increase urethral
pressure and outlet resistance, may improve s/s without significant side effects. Tricyclic antidepressant:
Imipramine 10-25mg PO up to TID - may be useful in younger patients who have failed other therapies,
alpha agonist and anticholinergic effects. Estrogen - topical cream (may help improve urethral closure).
19. Urge UI non-pharm management
Answer: Behavioral therapies: same as stress UI with bladder training, scheduled voiding, bladder
irritants minimization, and urge suppression. Surgical therapy: neurosacral modulation, bladder
augmentation, botulinum toxin injection.
20. Urge UI pharm management
Answer: Anticholinergic/antimuscarinics: oxybutynin 2.5-5mg PO BID-TID, tolterodine 2mg BID
(caution with bladder outflow obstruction, caution in OA, sedation, confusion, delirium). Beta adrenergic
agonists: mirabegron 25mg PO daily (may increase BP in patients with HTN, not recommended in severe
hepatic or renal impairment).
21. Mixed UI management
Answer: Combination of therapies for stress and urge incontinence.
22. Overflow UI non-pharm management
Answer: Behavioral therapies: timed or double voiding, clean intermittent catheterization, pessary.
Surgery: to relieve urethral obstruction or stricture or to reduce prolapse.
23. Overflow UI pharm management
Answer: Alpha blockers: tamsulosin 0.4mg PO daily, doxazosin 1mg PO daily (may cause orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness, HA). 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: Finasteride 5mg PO daily, dutasteride 0.5mg
PO daily (may cause HA, GI discomfort, decreased libido).
