Test Bank Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by
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Sue Huether, Kathryn McCance Chapter 1-44|Complete
F F F F F FF
Guide A+F
,1
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE F
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It
F F F F F F F F F F
is!!observed!!to!!have!!supercoiled!!DNA!!with!!histones.!!Which!!of!!the!!following!!would!!also!!be!!observed!!by!!the
!!student?
a. A!!single!!circular!!chromosome
b. A!!nucleus
c. Free-floating!!nuclear!!material
d. No!!organelles
ANS:!!B
The!!cell!!described!!is!!a!!eukaryotic!!cell,!!so!!it!!has!!histones!!and!!a!!supercoiled!!DNA!!within!!its!!nucleus;!!thus,!!t
he!!nucleus!!should!!be!!observed.!!A!!single!!circular!!chromosome!!called!!a!!prokaryote!!contains!!free-
floating!!nuclear!!material!!but!!has!!no!!organelles.
REF:!!p.!!2
2. A!!nurse!!is!!instructing!!the!!staff!!about!!cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when F F F F F F F F F F
an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
F F F F F F F F F F F F
a. Metabolic absorption F
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D F
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
synthesizing of new substances. F F F
REF: p. 2 F F
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
be contained?
F
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm F
ANS: C F
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 2 F F
,2
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
a. Peripheral membrane proteins F F
b. Integral membrane proteins F F
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules F F
ANS: B F
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane proteins
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 7 F F
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
F F F F F F F F F
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids F
d. Ligands
ANS: D F
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 9 F F
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
F F F F F F
A. Decreased fibronectin F
B. Increased collagen F
C. Decreased elastin F
D. Increased glycoproteins F
ANS: A F
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
metastasize.
REF: p. 10 F F
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? a. Cell junction
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
b. Gap junction F
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction F
ANS: A F
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
associated with cellular communication. F F F
REF: p. 11 F F
, 3
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. Thisaction
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
is an example of which of the following signaling types? a. Paracrine
F F F F F F F F F F F
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A F
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 12 F F
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
F F F F F F F F F F
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B F
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the reaction.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 16 F F
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C F
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in muscle
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
contraction.
REF: p. 16 F F
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
F F F F F F F
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle F F
ANS: D F
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated during
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 16 F F
F F F F F F F
Sue Huether, Kathryn McCance Chapter 1-44|Complete
F F F F F FF
Guide A+F
,1
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE F
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It
F F F F F F F F F F
is!!observed!!to!!have!!supercoiled!!DNA!!with!!histones.!!Which!!of!!the!!following!!would!!also!!be!!observed!!by!!the
!!student?
a. A!!single!!circular!!chromosome
b. A!!nucleus
c. Free-floating!!nuclear!!material
d. No!!organelles
ANS:!!B
The!!cell!!described!!is!!a!!eukaryotic!!cell,!!so!!it!!has!!histones!!and!!a!!supercoiled!!DNA!!within!!its!!nucleus;!!thus,!!t
he!!nucleus!!should!!be!!observed.!!A!!single!!circular!!chromosome!!called!!a!!prokaryote!!contains!!free-
floating!!nuclear!!material!!but!!has!!no!!organelles.
REF:!!p.!!2
2. A!!nurse!!is!!instructing!!the!!staff!!about!!cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when F F F F F F F F F F
an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
F F F F F F F F F F F F
a. Metabolic absorption F
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D F
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
synthesizing of new substances. F F F
REF: p. 2 F F
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
be contained?
F
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm F
ANS: C F
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 2 F F
,2
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
a. Peripheral membrane proteins F F
b. Integral membrane proteins F F
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules F F
ANS: B F
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane proteins
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 7 F F
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
F F F F F F F F F
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids F
d. Ligands
ANS: D F
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 9 F F
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
F F F F F F
A. Decreased fibronectin F
B. Increased collagen F
C. Decreased elastin F
D. Increased glycoproteins F
ANS: A F
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
metastasize.
REF: p. 10 F F
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? a. Cell junction
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
b. Gap junction F
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction F
ANS: A F
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
associated with cellular communication. F F F
REF: p. 11 F F
, 3
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. Thisaction
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
is an example of which of the following signaling types? a. Paracrine
F F F F F F F F F F F
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A F
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 12 F F
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
F F F F F F F F F F
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B F
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the reaction.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 16 F F
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C F
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in muscle
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
contraction.
REF: p. 16 F F
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
F F F F F F F
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle F F
ANS: D F
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated during
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
F F F F F F F F F
REF: p. 16 F F
