NIFE NAV CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Describe the basic concepts, principles, and terminology used in air navigation.
Answer: Air navigation is the process of determining the geographic position and maintaining
the desired direction of an aircraft relative to the surface of the earth
● Describe types of air navigation. Answer: Dead reckoning - directing an aircraft and
determining its position by the application of direction and speed (time/speed/distance). Visual
Navigation - Requires maintaining direct visual contact with the ground. Use ground
references to determine current position. Electronic Navigation - Uses electronic devices to
send and receive signals to determine position.
● Describe the four basic elements of dead reckoning navigation. Answer: Position is a
geographic point determined by coordinates (latitude/longitude) Direction is an angular
distance from a reference Time can be elapsed time or time of day (must be written in zulu
time) Speed is the magnitude of the velocity of an aircraft (speed = distance/time)
● Describe the flight instruments used in dead reckoning navigation. Answer: The
Bearing Distance Heading Indicator (BDHI)/remote gyro vertical compass card, the clock, and
the airspeed indicator are the primary instruments. Altimeter and outside air temperature
(OAT) gauge also help calculate the effects of air density
● Describe a great circle route. Answer: A great circle passes through the earths center
dividing the earth into 2 equal halves. The only parallel that is a great circle is the equator, but
every meridian is a great circle.
● Describe Lambert Conformal charts. Answer: The most common projection. Parallels are
equally spaced concentric circles. Meridians are straight lines converging at the poles. Scale
is a constant distance scale. Great circles are plot as straight lines. Can be operational
navigation chart (ONC, 1:1,000,000) or tactical pilotage chart (1:500,000).
● Describe the relationship among heading, course, and track. Answer: Course is the
aircrafts intended flight path (usually a straight line from point a to point b) Heading is the
angular distance from the aircraft's longitudinal axis from a reference (usually true or magnetic
north) Track is the aircraft's actual flight path over the ground.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Describe the basic concepts, principles, and terminology used in air navigation.
Answer: Air navigation is the process of determining the geographic position and maintaining
the desired direction of an aircraft relative to the surface of the earth
● Describe types of air navigation. Answer: Dead reckoning - directing an aircraft and
determining its position by the application of direction and speed (time/speed/distance). Visual
Navigation - Requires maintaining direct visual contact with the ground. Use ground
references to determine current position. Electronic Navigation - Uses electronic devices to
send and receive signals to determine position.
● Describe the four basic elements of dead reckoning navigation. Answer: Position is a
geographic point determined by coordinates (latitude/longitude) Direction is an angular
distance from a reference Time can be elapsed time or time of day (must be written in zulu
time) Speed is the magnitude of the velocity of an aircraft (speed = distance/time)
● Describe the flight instruments used in dead reckoning navigation. Answer: The
Bearing Distance Heading Indicator (BDHI)/remote gyro vertical compass card, the clock, and
the airspeed indicator are the primary instruments. Altimeter and outside air temperature
(OAT) gauge also help calculate the effects of air density
● Describe a great circle route. Answer: A great circle passes through the earths center
dividing the earth into 2 equal halves. The only parallel that is a great circle is the equator, but
every meridian is a great circle.
● Describe Lambert Conformal charts. Answer: The most common projection. Parallels are
equally spaced concentric circles. Meridians are straight lines converging at the poles. Scale
is a constant distance scale. Great circles are plot as straight lines. Can be operational
navigation chart (ONC, 1:1,000,000) or tactical pilotage chart (1:500,000).
● Describe the relationship among heading, course, and track. Answer: Course is the
aircrafts intended flight path (usually a straight line from point a to point b) Heading is the
angular distance from the aircraft's longitudinal axis from a reference (usually true or magnetic
north) Track is the aircraft's actual flight path over the ground.
