PSYCH 140 Module 1 Developmental Lifespan Psychology
(Portage Learning Online) Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep
1. Describe the significance of the psychosocial crises in Erikson's theory of
development.
The crises are solely based on biological factors.
The crises are irrelevant to overall development.
The crises only affect childhood development.
The psychosocial crises are essential for personal growth and
development at each stage.
2. What is the primary focus of Freud's Phallic stage of development?
The development of sexual identity and the Oedipus complex.
The establishment of trust versus mistrust.
The exploration of cognitive abilities.
The formation of attachment bonds.
3. What is the name of the fourth stage of cognitive development according to
Piaget?
Formal operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Preoperational stage
Sensorimotor stage
4. Describe how Freud's Genital stage represents a shift in focus compared to
the Phallic stage.
, The Genital stage is about childhood play and exploration.
The Genital stage emphasizes mature sexual relationships and the
integration of sexual and social interests.
The Genital stage focuses solely on male anatomy and dominance.
The Genital stage centers on the relationship with parents.
5. What is the term used by Bandura to describe the process of learning
through observation and imitation?
Cognitive development
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
6. What must be overcome in each of Erikson's Stages of Development?
A psychosocial crisis
A cognitive challenge
A physical obstacle
A behavioral issue
7. Describe how maturation influences an individual's development across
different stages of life.
Maturation only affects cognitive development and not emotional or
social aspects.
Maturation is a process that occurs only during childhood.
Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that unfold in a
predictable sequence, influencing physical and psychological
, development.
Maturation is solely determined by environmental factors and
personal experiences.
8. In a case study, a boy exhibits strong attachment to his mother and rivalry
with his father during his early childhood. How might Freud interpret this
behavior in the context of his psychosexual stages?
Freud would interpret this behavior as indicative of the Oedipus
complex, where the boy desires his mother and feels rivalry with his
father during the Phallic stage.
Freud would interpret this as a sign of unresolved issues from the oral
stage.
Freud would see this as a normal latency stage behavior where the
boy focuses on friendships.
Freud would consider this behavior as a result of environmental
influences rather than psychosexual development.
9. Disruptions during Freud's anal phase can result in:
increased imaginal play
power and control struggles
an easy-going temperament
fluid cooperation
10. Describe how Freud's Anal stage of development can influence personality
traits later in life.
Experiences in the Anal stage have no significant impact on adult
personality.
, Trauma during the Anal stage can lead to traits such as
obsessiveness or messiness, reflecting issues with control.
Trauma in this stage primarily affects cognitive development.
Trauma in this stage results in a fear of intimacy and abandonment.
11. Describe how B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning techniques can be applied
to teaching reading.
B.F. Skinner emphasized the role of genetics in reading ability.
B.F. Skinner focused solely on cognitive development without
reinforcement.
B.F. Skinner used reinforcement to encourage reading behaviors in
children.
B.F. Skinner taught reading through observational learning.
12. Which age is considered the phallic stage according to Sigmund Freud's
developmental theory?
18 months to 3 years old
Birth to 18 months
6 to 12 years old
3 to 6 years old
13. What term describes the phenomenon where newly hatched birds follow the
first moving object they see?
Socialization
Imprinting
Attachment
(Portage Learning Online) Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep
1. Describe the significance of the psychosocial crises in Erikson's theory of
development.
The crises are solely based on biological factors.
The crises are irrelevant to overall development.
The crises only affect childhood development.
The psychosocial crises are essential for personal growth and
development at each stage.
2. What is the primary focus of Freud's Phallic stage of development?
The development of sexual identity and the Oedipus complex.
The establishment of trust versus mistrust.
The exploration of cognitive abilities.
The formation of attachment bonds.
3. What is the name of the fourth stage of cognitive development according to
Piaget?
Formal operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Preoperational stage
Sensorimotor stage
4. Describe how Freud's Genital stage represents a shift in focus compared to
the Phallic stage.
, The Genital stage is about childhood play and exploration.
The Genital stage emphasizes mature sexual relationships and the
integration of sexual and social interests.
The Genital stage focuses solely on male anatomy and dominance.
The Genital stage centers on the relationship with parents.
5. What is the term used by Bandura to describe the process of learning
through observation and imitation?
Cognitive development
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
6. What must be overcome in each of Erikson's Stages of Development?
A psychosocial crisis
A cognitive challenge
A physical obstacle
A behavioral issue
7. Describe how maturation influences an individual's development across
different stages of life.
Maturation only affects cognitive development and not emotional or
social aspects.
Maturation is a process that occurs only during childhood.
Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that unfold in a
predictable sequence, influencing physical and psychological
, development.
Maturation is solely determined by environmental factors and
personal experiences.
8. In a case study, a boy exhibits strong attachment to his mother and rivalry
with his father during his early childhood. How might Freud interpret this
behavior in the context of his psychosexual stages?
Freud would interpret this behavior as indicative of the Oedipus
complex, where the boy desires his mother and feels rivalry with his
father during the Phallic stage.
Freud would interpret this as a sign of unresolved issues from the oral
stage.
Freud would see this as a normal latency stage behavior where the
boy focuses on friendships.
Freud would consider this behavior as a result of environmental
influences rather than psychosexual development.
9. Disruptions during Freud's anal phase can result in:
increased imaginal play
power and control struggles
an easy-going temperament
fluid cooperation
10. Describe how Freud's Anal stage of development can influence personality
traits later in life.
Experiences in the Anal stage have no significant impact on adult
personality.
, Trauma during the Anal stage can lead to traits such as
obsessiveness or messiness, reflecting issues with control.
Trauma in this stage primarily affects cognitive development.
Trauma in this stage results in a fear of intimacy and abandonment.
11. Describe how B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning techniques can be applied
to teaching reading.
B.F. Skinner emphasized the role of genetics in reading ability.
B.F. Skinner focused solely on cognitive development without
reinforcement.
B.F. Skinner used reinforcement to encourage reading behaviors in
children.
B.F. Skinner taught reading through observational learning.
12. Which age is considered the phallic stage according to Sigmund Freud's
developmental theory?
18 months to 3 years old
Birth to 18 months
6 to 12 years old
3 to 6 years old
13. What term describes the phenomenon where newly hatched birds follow the
first moving object they see?
Socialization
Imprinting
Attachment
