BSC 108 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(2026) | Verified Answers with In-Depth
Rationales | A+ Verified
• What are the differences between RNA and DNA? -✓✓-RNA contains ribose rather
than deoxyribose
-RNA contains base uracil (U) rather than thymine
-RNA is usually found in single-stranded form, while DNA usually exists as a double
helix
• What is a mutation? What can cause a mutation? -✓✓-A mutation is a change in the
DNA sequence caused by:
-external agents
- an error in internal processing
• What are the four nucleotide bases for DNA and RNA? -✓✓DNA: thymine (T), cytosine
(C), adenine (A), and guanine (G)
RNA: uracil (U) , cytosine (C), adenine (A), and guanine (G).
• What is the full name for DNA? RNA? -✓✓DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
• Know where the sugar, phosphates, and nucleotides are located on the double helix. -
✓✓
• How can a mutation be good, bad or cause no obvious difference? -✓✓Good: when it
enables the organism to withstand particular environmental stresses better than normal.
Bad: Mostly all the time. To populations and one's own health.
, • Who won the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA? -✓✓James Watson and Francis
Crick
• What is replication? -✓✓Replication occurs in all organisms and copies DNA.
It is the basis for biological inheritance.
• What is transcription? -✓✓The synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA
• What is translation? -✓✓The synthesis of a polypeptide (which will late become a
protein) under the direction of mRNA
• Where does replication, transcription and translation take place? -✓✓Replication takes
place in the nucleus.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus.
Translation takes place in the cytoplasm
• How can a mutation in the DNA result in a protein not functioning correctly? -✓✓-By
altering DNA the end result can be detrimental due to the changes in DNA.
• What is a mutagen? Know some examples of mutagens. -✓✓-a permanent change in
the DNA sequence of a gene
-DNA damage from environmental agents (ex. ultraviolet, sunshine, nuclear radiation or
other certain chemicals)
-Mistakes that occur when a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.
(2026) | Verified Answers with In-Depth
Rationales | A+ Verified
• What are the differences between RNA and DNA? -✓✓-RNA contains ribose rather
than deoxyribose
-RNA contains base uracil (U) rather than thymine
-RNA is usually found in single-stranded form, while DNA usually exists as a double
helix
• What is a mutation? What can cause a mutation? -✓✓-A mutation is a change in the
DNA sequence caused by:
-external agents
- an error in internal processing
• What are the four nucleotide bases for DNA and RNA? -✓✓DNA: thymine (T), cytosine
(C), adenine (A), and guanine (G)
RNA: uracil (U) , cytosine (C), adenine (A), and guanine (G).
• What is the full name for DNA? RNA? -✓✓DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
• Know where the sugar, phosphates, and nucleotides are located on the double helix. -
✓✓
• How can a mutation be good, bad or cause no obvious difference? -✓✓Good: when it
enables the organism to withstand particular environmental stresses better than normal.
Bad: Mostly all the time. To populations and one's own health.
, • Who won the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA? -✓✓James Watson and Francis
Crick
• What is replication? -✓✓Replication occurs in all organisms and copies DNA.
It is the basis for biological inheritance.
• What is transcription? -✓✓The synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA
• What is translation? -✓✓The synthesis of a polypeptide (which will late become a
protein) under the direction of mRNA
• Where does replication, transcription and translation take place? -✓✓Replication takes
place in the nucleus.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus.
Translation takes place in the cytoplasm
• How can a mutation in the DNA result in a protein not functioning correctly? -✓✓-By
altering DNA the end result can be detrimental due to the changes in DNA.
• What is a mutagen? Know some examples of mutagens. -✓✓-a permanent change in
the DNA sequence of a gene
-DNA damage from environmental agents (ex. ultraviolet, sunshine, nuclear radiation or
other certain chemicals)
-Mistakes that occur when a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.
