INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH RESEARCH
METHODS A PRACTICAL GUIDE CONCEPT
REVIEW GUIDE 2026 ETHICS IN HEALTH
RESEARCH AND STUDY DESIGN
◉ Why is understanding the research process important for
healthcare providers? Answer: It allows them to ascertain whether
study findings are grounded on sound methodology and to critically
appraise research literature for application in practice.
◉ What are the four components that research studies should have?
Answer: Understandable, logical, confirmable, and useful.
◉ What is the definition of research? Answer: The process of
systematically and carefully investigating a subject or phenomenon
to learn or discover new information.
◉ What does the term 'health' encompass? Answer: A construct that
extends across all aspects of physical, mental, and social well-being.
◉ Who are health researchers? Answer: Individuals who study the
biological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors that contribute
to health and disease.
,◉ What is basic research? Answer: Research that expands scientific
knowledge, such as studies on cellular processes.
◉ What is clinical research? Answer: Research that studies patients,
treatments, and diagnostics.
◉ What is epidemiological research? Answer: Research that studies
disease patterns and determinants.
◉ What is health services research? Answer: Research that evaluates
healthcare delivery, access, and quality.
◉ What is population health research? Answer: Research that
focuses on social determinants of health.
◉ What are the three research frameworks? Answer: Quantitative,
qualitative, and mixed methods.
◉ What does quantitative research focus on? Answer: Numerical
data, measurement, and hypothesis testing.
◉ What is qualitative research aimed at exploring? Answer:
Experiences, meanings, and perspectives.
,◉ What is the first essential step of research? Answer: Establishing a
philosophical foundation or underlying belief system for the study.
◉ What is the purpose of framing a research problem? Answer: To
focus on an area of interest for the study.
◉ What does it mean to identify a theory base in research? Answer:
To look at how existing theories can be tested, created, or built upon.
◉ What is the goal of developing a research question? Answer: To be
very specific with the inquiry to guide the study.
◉ What is involved in selecting a design strategy for research?
Answer: Considering how data will be generated and collected to
answer the research question.
◉ What is the importance of sharing and using research knowledge?
Answer: To ensure that findings benefit those who can apply the
knowledge.
◉ What are ethical considerations in research? Answer: Factors that
must be addressed to ensure the study is conducted responsibly and
ethically.
, ◉ What is experimental type research? Answer: Research involving
experimental designs that predict results and test outcomes.
◉ What is naturalistic inquiry? Answer: Research that focuses on
understanding and interpreting human experience within its natural
context.
◉ What is the primary focus of qualitative research? Answer: To
develop new theories or verify existing theories through context-
specific data.
◉ What type of questions does qualitative research seek to answer?
Answer: Questions about 'why,' 'how,' and 'under what
circumstances' a phenomenon occurs.
◉ What does ontology in research refer to? Answer: Assumptions
and beliefs about the nature of reality and existence.
◉ What is epistemology in the context of research? Answer:
Assumptions about the nature of knowledge and what can be
known.
◉ How do ontology and epistemology influence research? Answer:
They guide the choice of research methods and methodologies.
METHODS A PRACTICAL GUIDE CONCEPT
REVIEW GUIDE 2026 ETHICS IN HEALTH
RESEARCH AND STUDY DESIGN
◉ Why is understanding the research process important for
healthcare providers? Answer: It allows them to ascertain whether
study findings are grounded on sound methodology and to critically
appraise research literature for application in practice.
◉ What are the four components that research studies should have?
Answer: Understandable, logical, confirmable, and useful.
◉ What is the definition of research? Answer: The process of
systematically and carefully investigating a subject or phenomenon
to learn or discover new information.
◉ What does the term 'health' encompass? Answer: A construct that
extends across all aspects of physical, mental, and social well-being.
◉ Who are health researchers? Answer: Individuals who study the
biological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors that contribute
to health and disease.
,◉ What is basic research? Answer: Research that expands scientific
knowledge, such as studies on cellular processes.
◉ What is clinical research? Answer: Research that studies patients,
treatments, and diagnostics.
◉ What is epidemiological research? Answer: Research that studies
disease patterns and determinants.
◉ What is health services research? Answer: Research that evaluates
healthcare delivery, access, and quality.
◉ What is population health research? Answer: Research that
focuses on social determinants of health.
◉ What are the three research frameworks? Answer: Quantitative,
qualitative, and mixed methods.
◉ What does quantitative research focus on? Answer: Numerical
data, measurement, and hypothesis testing.
◉ What is qualitative research aimed at exploring? Answer:
Experiences, meanings, and perspectives.
,◉ What is the first essential step of research? Answer: Establishing a
philosophical foundation or underlying belief system for the study.
◉ What is the purpose of framing a research problem? Answer: To
focus on an area of interest for the study.
◉ What does it mean to identify a theory base in research? Answer:
To look at how existing theories can be tested, created, or built upon.
◉ What is the goal of developing a research question? Answer: To be
very specific with the inquiry to guide the study.
◉ What is involved in selecting a design strategy for research?
Answer: Considering how data will be generated and collected to
answer the research question.
◉ What is the importance of sharing and using research knowledge?
Answer: To ensure that findings benefit those who can apply the
knowledge.
◉ What are ethical considerations in research? Answer: Factors that
must be addressed to ensure the study is conducted responsibly and
ethically.
, ◉ What is experimental type research? Answer: Research involving
experimental designs that predict results and test outcomes.
◉ What is naturalistic inquiry? Answer: Research that focuses on
understanding and interpreting human experience within its natural
context.
◉ What is the primary focus of qualitative research? Answer: To
develop new theories or verify existing theories through context-
specific data.
◉ What type of questions does qualitative research seek to answer?
Answer: Questions about 'why,' 'how,' and 'under what
circumstances' a phenomenon occurs.
◉ What does ontology in research refer to? Answer: Assumptions
and beliefs about the nature of reality and existence.
◉ What is epistemology in the context of research? Answer:
Assumptions about the nature of knowledge and what can be
known.
◉ How do ontology and epistemology influence research? Answer:
They guide the choice of research methods and methodologies.
