NR 565 - advanced pharmacology
midterm – Chamberlain Exam Test
Merged With Correct Verified And
Well Analyzed Answers | 2025-2026
Latest Update!!!
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term
consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What are BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly
(65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can
either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug
interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug
has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate
CYP450 enzymes
,CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbiturates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like
CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of
drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase drug
excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and
fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some
anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
,How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few
days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in
infancy?
delayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric
patient?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with
tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher
risk for adverse drug reactions?
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered
, pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an
elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-
counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics
changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug
levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the
Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly
patients?
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
midterm – Chamberlain Exam Test
Merged With Correct Verified And
Well Analyzed Answers | 2025-2026
Latest Update!!!
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term
consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What are BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly
(65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can
either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug
interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug
has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate
CYP450 enzymes
,CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbiturates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin,
alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital,
sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like
CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone,
chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of
drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase drug
excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and
fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some
anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as
diethylstilbestrol (DES).
,How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few
days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in
infancy?
delayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric
patient?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with
tetracyclines, and kernicterus with sulfonamides,
levofloxacin (antibiotics)
aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired responses
nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher
risk for adverse drug reactions?
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered
, pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an
elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-
counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics
changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug
levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the
Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly
patients?
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
