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Sociology Theory
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Sociology Theory and Sociology
Methods Essay
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Terms in this set (64)
evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative research -official statistics
methods in conducting sociological research -closed questionnaires
-lab experiments
-structured interviews
official statistics P-it is a source of secondary data so has already been done.
E-Durkheim- sociology should study social facts scientifically, using large
scale quantitative data like official statistics which are helpful in identifying
patterns in society.
R-Sewell- used official statistics on exam results to study ethnic differences
in achievement. This shows how quantitative methods can be used to
identify patterns across the education system
C-official statistics can be distorted. E.g. they may change over time how
they are collected therefore they can't be compared. E.g. differences could
be from change in assessment rather than achievement
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closed questionnaires P-easy way to gather data from people because they are fast and can be
sent to a large number of people
E-Lazarsfeld- closed questionnaires are an efficient way to gather data
from large populations, as they can collect thousands of responses quickly,
making them more practical.
R-Bruce- used closed questionnaires to study church attendance and
secularisation trends, which would have been impossible to study through
qualitative research alone
C-may lack validity if participants rush through them without thinking
deeply about their answers. They can also easily lie and it lacks depth and
low response rate etc
lab experiements P-reliable data as conducted in controlled conditions. Variables can be
carefully managed so it can be repeated.
E-Durkheim- society should be studied using objective and measurable
methods, like lab experiments, to find social facts.
R-Milgram- used lab experiments to study obedience. Participants
believed they were giving electric shocks to a student. This allowed him to
measure levels of obedience to authority.
C-lack validity- unnatural environment may cause the hawthorn effect. It
doesn't reflect how they would act in real life situations.
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Structured Interviews P-produce standardised quantitative data, making it easy for sociologists to
find patterns across a large sample and makes it more representative.
E-Comte- supports the structured and scientific method because they
allow sociology to produce objective and measurable data about society
R-Townsend- used structured interviews to study poverty in the UK.
Standardised questions meant he could measure levels of relative poverty
across households.
C-lack validity because respondents are limited to fixed questions and
cannot explain their answers in depth. The data may not fully capture
people's experiences and meanings.
evaluate the effectiveness of qualitative research -field experiments
methods in conducting sociological research -open questionnaires
-covert observations
-unstructured interviews
-documents
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