UCI E109 MIDTERM II
(CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATION,
VENTILATION, EXERCISE) EXAM
QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
\.tidal volume - ANSWERS✔-amount of air brought in with each breath aka normal
air volume
\.hypoxic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-low arterial [O2] from high altitude;
hypoventilation; dec. lung diffusion
\.anemic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-blood loss; reduced Hb-O2 binding (CO poisoning),
anemia;don't get proper O2 release to tissue
\.ischemic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-reduced blood flow from heart attack,
thrombosis --> blood clots; hyperventilation; shock
\.histoxic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-toxin doesn't allow RBC to bind to O2; reduction
of O2 used properly in ETC -> piling of intermediates (cells not using O2 bc of
TOXIC poisoning) --> death
,\.normal lung - ANSWERS✔-normal PO2 in alveoli
normal PO2 in blood
\.Emphysema - ANSWERS✔-stiffening --> less expansive;
harder to breath;
not as high S.A. for exchange;
low PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
cause: smoking
\.Fibrotic lung disease - ANSWERS✔-thick mucus;
diffusion dist. INCREASE.
normal PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
cause: genetic
\.Pulmonary edema - ANSWERS✔-Fluid collection between alveoli and capillaries.
diffusion distance INCREASE.
normal PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
cause: illness, toxin
\.Asthma - ANSWERS✔-bronchioles constricted --> not enough air in alveoli.
poor ventilation.
low PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
,\.artery - ANSWERS✔-lots of elastic tissue (maintain blood flow) and smooth
muscle.
also has endothelium, fibrous tissue
\.arteriole - ANSWERS✔-smooth muscle (constrict or dilate); helps regulate
periphery resistance.
also has endothelium
\.capillary - ANSWERS✔-endothelium (very thin wall
\.venule - ANSWERS✔-fibrous tissue (more structure in nature);
also has endothelium and it doesn't change in size
\.vein - ANSWERS✔-much thicker wall.
not elastic in same ways as artery.
also has endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle, fibrous tissue.
\.stroke volume - ANSWERS✔-volume of blood to systemic circuit through ONE
contraction;
= EDV - ESV
\.Alveolus - ANSWERS✔-many tiny air sacs in lungs;
gas exchange
, \.bronchi - ANSWERS✔-major air passage of the lungs;
part of airway in respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
\.bronchioles - ANSWERS✔-branches of bronchi and terminate by entering the
circular sacs called alveoli;
end of conducting pathway where we lose cartilage and we have some exchange
starting to happen
\.surfactant - ANSWERS✔-substance that tends to reduce surface tension of a
lipid.
\.type II alveoli - ANSWERS✔-produce surfactant;
prevents adhesion of water molecules to each other to prevent alveoli collapsing.
\.lamellar bodies - ANSWERS✔-produce more surfactants for smaller alveoli
\.pre-Botzinger complex pacemaker - ANSWERS✔-allows you to breathe without
thinking;
drives basic respiratory.
\.basic architecture of cardiovascular system - ANSWERS✔-systemic blood coming
back from vena cava flows first to R.A. (deoxygenated blood) --> R.V. leaves
pulmonary arteries to circuit (high pressure) --> lungs (gas exchange) -->
pulmonary veins --> L.A. (now oxygenated blood) --> L.V. --> aorta
(CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATION,
VENTILATION, EXERCISE) EXAM
QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
\.tidal volume - ANSWERS✔-amount of air brought in with each breath aka normal
air volume
\.hypoxic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-low arterial [O2] from high altitude;
hypoventilation; dec. lung diffusion
\.anemic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-blood loss; reduced Hb-O2 binding (CO poisoning),
anemia;don't get proper O2 release to tissue
\.ischemic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-reduced blood flow from heart attack,
thrombosis --> blood clots; hyperventilation; shock
\.histoxic hypoxia - ANSWERS✔-toxin doesn't allow RBC to bind to O2; reduction
of O2 used properly in ETC -> piling of intermediates (cells not using O2 bc of
TOXIC poisoning) --> death
,\.normal lung - ANSWERS✔-normal PO2 in alveoli
normal PO2 in blood
\.Emphysema - ANSWERS✔-stiffening --> less expansive;
harder to breath;
not as high S.A. for exchange;
low PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
cause: smoking
\.Fibrotic lung disease - ANSWERS✔-thick mucus;
diffusion dist. INCREASE.
normal PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
cause: genetic
\.Pulmonary edema - ANSWERS✔-Fluid collection between alveoli and capillaries.
diffusion distance INCREASE.
normal PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
cause: illness, toxin
\.Asthma - ANSWERS✔-bronchioles constricted --> not enough air in alveoli.
poor ventilation.
low PO2 in alveoli, low PO2 in blood.
,\.artery - ANSWERS✔-lots of elastic tissue (maintain blood flow) and smooth
muscle.
also has endothelium, fibrous tissue
\.arteriole - ANSWERS✔-smooth muscle (constrict or dilate); helps regulate
periphery resistance.
also has endothelium
\.capillary - ANSWERS✔-endothelium (very thin wall
\.venule - ANSWERS✔-fibrous tissue (more structure in nature);
also has endothelium and it doesn't change in size
\.vein - ANSWERS✔-much thicker wall.
not elastic in same ways as artery.
also has endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle, fibrous tissue.
\.stroke volume - ANSWERS✔-volume of blood to systemic circuit through ONE
contraction;
= EDV - ESV
\.Alveolus - ANSWERS✔-many tiny air sacs in lungs;
gas exchange
, \.bronchi - ANSWERS✔-major air passage of the lungs;
part of airway in respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
\.bronchioles - ANSWERS✔-branches of bronchi and terminate by entering the
circular sacs called alveoli;
end of conducting pathway where we lose cartilage and we have some exchange
starting to happen
\.surfactant - ANSWERS✔-substance that tends to reduce surface tension of a
lipid.
\.type II alveoli - ANSWERS✔-produce surfactant;
prevents adhesion of water molecules to each other to prevent alveoli collapsing.
\.lamellar bodies - ANSWERS✔-produce more surfactants for smaller alveoli
\.pre-Botzinger complex pacemaker - ANSWERS✔-allows you to breathe without
thinking;
drives basic respiratory.
\.basic architecture of cardiovascular system - ANSWERS✔-systemic blood coming
back from vena cava flows first to R.A. (deoxygenated blood) --> R.V. leaves
pulmonary arteries to circuit (high pressure) --> lungs (gas exchange) -->
pulmonary veins --> L.A. (now oxygenated blood) --> L.V. --> aorta
