ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BIO 109
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.ribosomes - ANSWERS✔-Structure: Tiny spheres made of RNA and protein.
2 types: (1) Free - floating freely in cytoplasm. (2) Bound - attached to RER
Function: make proteins; free ones make proteins that will remain in the cell;
bound ones make proteins that will leave the cell.
\.Golgi Apparatus - ANSWERS✔-Membranous organelle that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and send proteins to their final
destination
\.rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWERS✔-Chemically modifies proteins made
by the ribosomes attached to its surface, which are then use in the cell membrane
or for transport outside the cell (protein modification & transport)
\.mitochondria - ANSWERS✔-large structures surrounded by a double membrane;
contains folded membrane inside called cristae; contains DNA and ribosomes.
Function: Site of cellular respiration (energy production); Energy in food is
converted into energy for use by the cell (ATP).
, \.lysosomes - ANSWERS✔-Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to
break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from food particles; may also
break down old cell parts ~intracellular digestion~
\.microfilament - ANSWERS✔-A cable composed of actin proteins in the
cytoplasm, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to
cause cell contraction; also known as an actin filament; assists in cleavage during
mitosis
\.nucleolus - ANSWERS✔-structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made
\.peroxisomes - ANSWERS✔-neutralize free radicals and detoxify alcohol and
other drugs; break down long fatty acids
\.centrioles - ANSWERS✔-composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets; support
structure for cell; vital to separation of chromatids during mitosis
\.cytosol - ANSWERS✔-part of the cytoplasm; gel-like translucent fluid typically
not enclosed within the organelles found within the cell; responsible for
suspending the other elements contained within the cytoplasm, like the
cytoplasmic inclusions and the cell organelles.
\.cytoplasm - ANSWERS✔-the fluid contained within the cell that holds and
surround the cell's organelles in a liquid environment which is necessary for many
of the cell's vital functions to occur.
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.ribosomes - ANSWERS✔-Structure: Tiny spheres made of RNA and protein.
2 types: (1) Free - floating freely in cytoplasm. (2) Bound - attached to RER
Function: make proteins; free ones make proteins that will remain in the cell;
bound ones make proteins that will leave the cell.
\.Golgi Apparatus - ANSWERS✔-Membranous organelle that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and send proteins to their final
destination
\.rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWERS✔-Chemically modifies proteins made
by the ribosomes attached to its surface, which are then use in the cell membrane
or for transport outside the cell (protein modification & transport)
\.mitochondria - ANSWERS✔-large structures surrounded by a double membrane;
contains folded membrane inside called cristae; contains DNA and ribosomes.
Function: Site of cellular respiration (energy production); Energy in food is
converted into energy for use by the cell (ATP).
, \.lysosomes - ANSWERS✔-Small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to
break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from food particles; may also
break down old cell parts ~intracellular digestion~
\.microfilament - ANSWERS✔-A cable composed of actin proteins in the
cytoplasm, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to
cause cell contraction; also known as an actin filament; assists in cleavage during
mitosis
\.nucleolus - ANSWERS✔-structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made
\.peroxisomes - ANSWERS✔-neutralize free radicals and detoxify alcohol and
other drugs; break down long fatty acids
\.centrioles - ANSWERS✔-composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets; support
structure for cell; vital to separation of chromatids during mitosis
\.cytosol - ANSWERS✔-part of the cytoplasm; gel-like translucent fluid typically
not enclosed within the organelles found within the cell; responsible for
suspending the other elements contained within the cytoplasm, like the
cytoplasmic inclusions and the cell organelles.
\.cytoplasm - ANSWERS✔-the fluid contained within the cell that holds and
surround the cell's organelles in a liquid environment which is necessary for many
of the cell's vital functions to occur.
