SKIN DISORDERS CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 FULL
SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
● Psoriasis. Answer: Skin redness and irritation; thick red skin with
flaky white patches called scales; autoimmunity associated with
malfunctioning T cells; treatment with corticosteroids, vitamin D
analogues, phototherapy, can give oral medication if all other treatments
fail.
● Albinism. Answer: Complete or partial absence of pigment of skin,
hair, eyes; inheritance of recessive alleles; two types: oculocutaneous
(white or very pale) and ocular (pale blue eyes); skin burns easily;
eyesight affected.
● Vitiligo. Answer: De-pigmentation in part of the skin; autoimmune
disorder; affects melanocytes; treatment includes corticosteroids,
phototherapy, depigmentation, skin grafts; risk of skin cancer in de-
pigmented areas.
● Jaundice. Answer: Yellow pigmentation of the skin, conjunctiva, and
other mucus membranes; hyperbilirubinemia; seen in liver disease;
treatments depend on what is causing it, age, etc; light therapy, blood
transfusion, transplant.
, ● Alopecia. Answer: Hair loss; many causes including chemotherapy,
genetics, diabetes, hair pulling, infections, hormone imbalances;
treatment depends on the cause.
● Hirsutism. Answer: Excessive hair in women where terminal hair
doesn't normally occur; caused by increased androgens or an
oversensitivity of hair follicles to androgens; treatment includes hair
removal and a host of drugs to combat the high levels of androgens.
● Necrotizing Fasciitis. Answer: Flesh-eating disease; most caused by
Strep pyogenes but some are caused by MRSA; bacteria enter through
broken skin and those with compromised immune systems at risk; starts
in muscle fascia and then moves to overlying skin.
● Necrotizing Fasciitis Symptoms. Answer: Fever, edema, redness, GI
upset, severe pain, tissue death, sepsis; usually begin within a day of cut
or scrape but will quickly get worse.
● Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment. Answer: Antibiotics; all dead tissue
must be surgically removed (usually 3+) and then grafts over the
surgical sites.
● Fungal Infections - Dermatophytosis. Answer: Also known as ring
worm, jock itch (thighs and buttocks), and athlete's foot; spread person
to person or animal to person; circular, itchy rash; can affect hair, skin,
nails.
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 FULL
SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
● Psoriasis. Answer: Skin redness and irritation; thick red skin with
flaky white patches called scales; autoimmunity associated with
malfunctioning T cells; treatment with corticosteroids, vitamin D
analogues, phototherapy, can give oral medication if all other treatments
fail.
● Albinism. Answer: Complete or partial absence of pigment of skin,
hair, eyes; inheritance of recessive alleles; two types: oculocutaneous
(white or very pale) and ocular (pale blue eyes); skin burns easily;
eyesight affected.
● Vitiligo. Answer: De-pigmentation in part of the skin; autoimmune
disorder; affects melanocytes; treatment includes corticosteroids,
phototherapy, depigmentation, skin grafts; risk of skin cancer in de-
pigmented areas.
● Jaundice. Answer: Yellow pigmentation of the skin, conjunctiva, and
other mucus membranes; hyperbilirubinemia; seen in liver disease;
treatments depend on what is causing it, age, etc; light therapy, blood
transfusion, transplant.
, ● Alopecia. Answer: Hair loss; many causes including chemotherapy,
genetics, diabetes, hair pulling, infections, hormone imbalances;
treatment depends on the cause.
● Hirsutism. Answer: Excessive hair in women where terminal hair
doesn't normally occur; caused by increased androgens or an
oversensitivity of hair follicles to androgens; treatment includes hair
removal and a host of drugs to combat the high levels of androgens.
● Necrotizing Fasciitis. Answer: Flesh-eating disease; most caused by
Strep pyogenes but some are caused by MRSA; bacteria enter through
broken skin and those with compromised immune systems at risk; starts
in muscle fascia and then moves to overlying skin.
● Necrotizing Fasciitis Symptoms. Answer: Fever, edema, redness, GI
upset, severe pain, tissue death, sepsis; usually begin within a day of cut
or scrape but will quickly get worse.
● Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment. Answer: Antibiotics; all dead tissue
must be surgically removed (usually 3+) and then grafts over the
surgical sites.
● Fungal Infections - Dermatophytosis. Answer: Also known as ring
worm, jock itch (thighs and buttocks), and athlete's foot; spread person
to person or animal to person; circular, itchy rash; can affect hair, skin,
nails.
