ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT AND
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE
7TH EDITION STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Subjective data of exopthalmos? Answer: reports of trauma that can
cause a complete or partial disclocation of they eye
⩥ Objective data of exopthalmos? Answer: apparent eye protrusion, lids
do not reach the iris. Measurement of the degree of exopthalmos is
performed using an exophthalmometer, usually be an opthalmologist
⩥ What is episcleritis? Answer: it is inflammation of the superficial
layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles
⩥ Pathophysiology for episcleritis? Answer: simple, intermittent
episodes of moderate to severe inflammation that recur to 1-3 month
intervals and lasting 7-10 days. Or nodular with prolonged attacks of
inflammation that are typically more painful. Most cases are idiopathic
but may have underlying causes such as automimmune, RA, SLE, gout,
atopy, foreign bodies, chemical exposure or infection
,⩥ Subjective data for episcleritis? Answer: reports of a sudden onset of
mild to moderate discomfort or photophobia. Painless injection of
redness and or water discharge without crusting.
⩥ Objective data for episcleritis? Answer: there is diffuse or localized
redness that can be seen of the bulbar conjunctiva. Purplish elevation of
a few millimeters. Watery discharge.
⩥ What is band keratopathy? Answer: it is the deposition of calcium in
the superficial cornea
⩥ Pathophysiology for keratopathy? Answer: this is most common with
patients with chronic corneal disease. It may occur with hypercalcemia,
hyperparathyroidism, and occasionally in trauma, renal failure
sarcoidosis, or syphilis.
⩥ Subjective data for keratophathy? Answer: reports of decreased vision
as the deposits progress. A foreign body sensation and irritation
⩥ Objective data for keratopathy? Answer: the line can be seen just
below the pupil and passes over the cornea with horizontal grayish bands
that are interspersed with dark areas that look like holes.
⩥ What is a corneal ulcer? Answer: it is the disruption of the corneal
epithelium and stroma
, ⩥ Pathophysiology of a corneal ulcer? Answer: causes can include
rheumatologic disorder, connective tissue disease such as RA, sjogren
syndrome, or SLE, infection like herpes simplex or bacterial, extreme
dryness such as with incomplete lid close or lacrimal gland dysfunction
⩥ Subjective data for corneal ulcer? Answer: reports of pain,
photophobia, hx of wearing contact lenses, blurry vision, feeling like
something is in the eye
⩥ Objective data for corneal ulcer? Answer: visual acuity may be
affected but depends on the location, inflammation and erythema of the
eyelids and conjunctiva, purulent exudates, and an ulcer that is round or
oval with sharply demarcated borders and base appearing gray
⩥ What is strabismus? Answer: it is when both eyes do not focus on an
object simultaneously
⩥ Pathophysiology of strabismus? Answer: it can be caused due to
paralysis from impairment of one or more extraocular muscles. It can be
non-paralytic with no primary muscle weakness. It may be a sign of ICP
because CN III is vulnerable to damage from brain swelling.
⩥ Subjective data of strabismus? Answer: reports of poor vision, may
have sudden onset of double vision, eye deviation
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE
7TH EDITION STUDY GUIDE 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Subjective data of exopthalmos? Answer: reports of trauma that can
cause a complete or partial disclocation of they eye
⩥ Objective data of exopthalmos? Answer: apparent eye protrusion, lids
do not reach the iris. Measurement of the degree of exopthalmos is
performed using an exophthalmometer, usually be an opthalmologist
⩥ What is episcleritis? Answer: it is inflammation of the superficial
layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles
⩥ Pathophysiology for episcleritis? Answer: simple, intermittent
episodes of moderate to severe inflammation that recur to 1-3 month
intervals and lasting 7-10 days. Or nodular with prolonged attacks of
inflammation that are typically more painful. Most cases are idiopathic
but may have underlying causes such as automimmune, RA, SLE, gout,
atopy, foreign bodies, chemical exposure or infection
,⩥ Subjective data for episcleritis? Answer: reports of a sudden onset of
mild to moderate discomfort or photophobia. Painless injection of
redness and or water discharge without crusting.
⩥ Objective data for episcleritis? Answer: there is diffuse or localized
redness that can be seen of the bulbar conjunctiva. Purplish elevation of
a few millimeters. Watery discharge.
⩥ What is band keratopathy? Answer: it is the deposition of calcium in
the superficial cornea
⩥ Pathophysiology for keratopathy? Answer: this is most common with
patients with chronic corneal disease. It may occur with hypercalcemia,
hyperparathyroidism, and occasionally in trauma, renal failure
sarcoidosis, or syphilis.
⩥ Subjective data for keratophathy? Answer: reports of decreased vision
as the deposits progress. A foreign body sensation and irritation
⩥ Objective data for keratopathy? Answer: the line can be seen just
below the pupil and passes over the cornea with horizontal grayish bands
that are interspersed with dark areas that look like holes.
⩥ What is a corneal ulcer? Answer: it is the disruption of the corneal
epithelium and stroma
, ⩥ Pathophysiology of a corneal ulcer? Answer: causes can include
rheumatologic disorder, connective tissue disease such as RA, sjogren
syndrome, or SLE, infection like herpes simplex or bacterial, extreme
dryness such as with incomplete lid close or lacrimal gland dysfunction
⩥ Subjective data for corneal ulcer? Answer: reports of pain,
photophobia, hx of wearing contact lenses, blurry vision, feeling like
something is in the eye
⩥ Objective data for corneal ulcer? Answer: visual acuity may be
affected but depends on the location, inflammation and erythema of the
eyelids and conjunctiva, purulent exudates, and an ulcer that is round or
oval with sharply demarcated borders and base appearing gray
⩥ What is strabismus? Answer: it is when both eyes do not focus on an
object simultaneously
⩥ Pathophysiology of strabismus? Answer: it can be caused due to
paralysis from impairment of one or more extraocular muscles. It can be
non-paralytic with no primary muscle weakness. It may be a sign of ICP
because CN III is vulnerable to damage from brain swelling.
⩥ Subjective data of strabismus? Answer: reports of poor vision, may
have sudden onset of double vision, eye deviation
