Biod 331 Pathophysiology Module 8 Actual Test Paper 2026 Questions With Solutions Graded A+

BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8
ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

⩥ Match the following with either a) chronic stable angina, b) unstable
angina, c) Myocardial infarction
1) ___New onset chest pain, symptoms at rest, No ST segment
elevation, Troponin negative
2) Reoccuring chest pain with exertion that's relieved by nitro
3) New onset chest pain, may or may not have ST segment elevation,
Troponin positive. Answer: 1) __b__ unstable angina
2) __a__ chronic stable angina
3) __c__ myocardial infarction (elevated means active MI)


⩥ What is the most serious type of acute coronary syndrome that occurs
with occlusion of blood flow starting with ischemia, then injury, then
necrosis if not treated quickly?. Answer: Myocardial infarction
ex: STEMI (ST segment elevation) or NSTEMI (Non ST segment
elevation)


⩥ Match the follow 12-lead ECG findings for a pt experiencing ACS
with the type of zone of ischemia
1) T wave inversion or ST segment depression

,2) ST elevation
3) Abnormal Q wave. Answer: 1) zone of ischemia
2) zone of injury
3) zone of necrosis


⩥ What is the nurse concered is happening if pt has ST segment
depression or T wave inversion on 12-lead ECG?. Answer: Myocardial
Ischemia


⩥ What is the nurse concerned is happening if pt has ST segment
elevation on 12-lead ECG?. Answer: Myocardial Injury from active
acute MI


⩥ What is the nurse concerned is happening if pt has an abnormal Q
wave on 12-lead ECG?. Answer: Myocardial necrosis


*will still see from past MI if it resulted in necrosis bc tissue will no
longer conduct electricity


⩥ What is the nurse concerned is happening if pt has widening of the
QRS complex >0.12 secs?
ex: deep S, broad S, double R "rabbit ears". Answer: Bundle branch
blocks

,⩥ The nurse performs a rapid assessment of chest pain, associated
symptoms, cardiac rate & rhythm, heart sounds for a pt presenting w s/s
of ACS. What are pertinent positives of ACS?. Answer: -chest pain,
crushing pressure, lasts longer than 30 mins, unrelieved by rest or nitro
-N/V
-dizziness
-palpitations
-dyspnea, SOB
-indigestion
-fatigue
-dsrhythmias
-new onset murmur
-HF/pulmonary edema


⩥ Match the following descriptions to correct abnormal heart sound
1) ___ whoosing sound from lack of oxygenation blood to valves,
causing valvular dysfunction. If new onset, indicates ischemia or infarct
is affecting the valves
2) extra heart sound that can be an early sign of acute HF; watch for pts
w acute MI or others at risk for HF
3) grating heart sound caused by inflammation in the pericardium watch
for pts w acute MI. Answer: 1) murmurs
2) S3
3) pericardial friction rub

, ⩥ Other than assessment of symptoms, what is used in the diagnosis of
ACS?. Answer: -troponin (elevated)
-12 lead ECG (ST segment changes)
-cardiac cath (visualize blockage)
-imaging assessment (areas of low myocardial perfusion)
-exercise electrocardiography/ stress test
-pharmacologic stress echocardiogram using dobutamine/persantine
-myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging
-echocardiogram


⩥ What lab test is very sepecific & selective to cardiac damage that will
release within 30-60 mins of injury onset?
*helpful to distinguish between ACS (elevated) & chronic stable angina
(normal). Answer: Cardiac biomarkers like Troponin


⩥ What is the care for a pt w ACS?
*doesn't matter if acute MI or unstable angina, if have symptoms of
ischemia/infact you treat the same. Answer: -monitor & support ABC; be
prepared to start CPR & defibrillation
-have pt chew high dose aspirin (160-325mg)
-have pt place nitro under tongue
-start 4L O2 & titrate if SpO2 <90%