ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY EXAMS SET 2026
FULL SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● A patient with acute renal injury has a GFR (glomerular filtration
rate) of 40 mL/min. Which signs and symptoms below may this patient
present with? Select all that apply:
A. Hypervolemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Increased BUN level
D. Decreased Creatinine level. Answer: The answers are A and C. The
glomerular filtration rate indicates how well the glomerulus is filtering
the blood. A normal GFR tends to be 90 mL/min or higher. A GFR of 40
mL/min indicates that the kidney's ability to filter the blood is decreased.
Therefore, the kidneys will be unable to remove waste and excessive
water from the blood...hence hypervolemia and an increased BUN level
will present in this patient. The patient will experience HYPERkalemia
(not hypo) because the kidneys are unable to remove potassium from the
blood. In addition, an INCREASED creatinine level (not decreased) will
present because the kidneys cannot remove excessive waste products,
such as creatinine.
●● You're assessing morning lab values on a female patient who is
recovering from a myocardial infraction. Which lab value below requires
you to notify the physician?
, A. Potassium level 4.2 mEq/L
B. Creatinine clearance 35 mL/min
C. BUN 20 mg/dL
D. Blood pH 7.40. Answer: The answer is B. A normal creatinine
clearance level in a female should be 85-125 mL/min (95-140 mL/min
males). A creatinine clearance level indicates the amount of blood the
kidneys can make per minute that contain no amounts of creatinine in it.
Remember creatinine is a waste product of muscle breakdown.
Therefore, the kidneys should be able to remove excessive amounts of it
from the bloodstream. A patient who has experienced a myocardial
infraction is at risk for pre-renal acute injury due to decreased cardiac
output to the kidneys from a damaged heart muscle (the heart isn't able
to pump as efficiently because of ischemia). All the other labs values are
normal.
●● A 55-year-old male patient is admitted with a massive GI bleed. The
patient is at risk for what type of acute kidney injury?
A. Post-renal
B. Intra-renal
C. Pre-renal
D. Intrinsic renal. Answer: The answer is C. Pre-renal injury is due to
decreased perfusion to the kidneys secondary to a cause (massive GI
bleeding...patient is losing blood volume). This leads to a major decrease
in kidney function because the kidneys are deprived of nutrients to
function and the amount of blood it can filter. Pre-renal injury can
eventually lead to intrarenal damage where the nephrons become
damaged.
FULL SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● A patient with acute renal injury has a GFR (glomerular filtration
rate) of 40 mL/min. Which signs and symptoms below may this patient
present with? Select all that apply:
A. Hypervolemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Increased BUN level
D. Decreased Creatinine level. Answer: The answers are A and C. The
glomerular filtration rate indicates how well the glomerulus is filtering
the blood. A normal GFR tends to be 90 mL/min or higher. A GFR of 40
mL/min indicates that the kidney's ability to filter the blood is decreased.
Therefore, the kidneys will be unable to remove waste and excessive
water from the blood...hence hypervolemia and an increased BUN level
will present in this patient. The patient will experience HYPERkalemia
(not hypo) because the kidneys are unable to remove potassium from the
blood. In addition, an INCREASED creatinine level (not decreased) will
present because the kidneys cannot remove excessive waste products,
such as creatinine.
●● You're assessing morning lab values on a female patient who is
recovering from a myocardial infraction. Which lab value below requires
you to notify the physician?
, A. Potassium level 4.2 mEq/L
B. Creatinine clearance 35 mL/min
C. BUN 20 mg/dL
D. Blood pH 7.40. Answer: The answer is B. A normal creatinine
clearance level in a female should be 85-125 mL/min (95-140 mL/min
males). A creatinine clearance level indicates the amount of blood the
kidneys can make per minute that contain no amounts of creatinine in it.
Remember creatinine is a waste product of muscle breakdown.
Therefore, the kidneys should be able to remove excessive amounts of it
from the bloodstream. A patient who has experienced a myocardial
infraction is at risk for pre-renal acute injury due to decreased cardiac
output to the kidneys from a damaged heart muscle (the heart isn't able
to pump as efficiently because of ischemia). All the other labs values are
normal.
●● A 55-year-old male patient is admitted with a massive GI bleed. The
patient is at risk for what type of acute kidney injury?
A. Post-renal
B. Intra-renal
C. Pre-renal
D. Intrinsic renal. Answer: The answer is C. Pre-renal injury is due to
decreased perfusion to the kidneys secondary to a cause (massive GI
bleeding...patient is losing blood volume). This leads to a major decrease
in kidney function because the kidneys are deprived of nutrients to
function and the amount of blood it can filter. Pre-renal injury can
eventually lead to intrarenal damage where the nephrons become
damaged.
