PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM vc
Exam Solution
vc
Module 2 McCance and Huether's Pathophysiology 9th e vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
d. ch. 7 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTION
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
S AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (9A25A)
vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 1 vc
Innate defenses -what line of defense -when do they start being present? -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
include ___________ and _____________
vc vc vc
ANSWER
-first line of defense -present at birth -include surface barriers and mucous membranes
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 2 vc
Inflammation -what line of defense -how is it activated? -Is it specific?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-second line of defense -activated with cellular damage from any cause -it is nonspecific
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 3 vc
adaptive immunity -is also called _____ -what line of defense -Is it specific?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-acquired immunity -third line of defense - it is specific to particular antigens and has memory
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 4 vc
What are the three layers of human defense?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-physiologic barriers -inflammatory response -and adaptive (acquired) immunity
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
, QUESTION 5 vc
physical defenses -first line of defense against ___________ and ___________ -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
barriers include ________ and ___________vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-physical damage and entrance of pathogens -skin and mucous membranes
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 6 vc
antimicrobial peptides -found in __________ -function vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-mucous secretions, perspiration, saliva, tears, and other secretions -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
provide a biochemical barrier against pathogenic microorganisms
vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 7 vc
Microbiome - vc
where do colonies of commensal or mutualistic microorganisms exist? (3 places) -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
provide _________ by releasing _____________ which facilitate _____________ and prevent ____________
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
-Other function in the GI tract
vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-skin, mucous membranes, lining of the GI tract -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
provide protection by releasing biochemical compounds which facilitate immune responses and preven
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
t colonization by pathogens -facilitate digestion
vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 8 vc
Inflammation -three key plasma protein systems - vc vc vc vc vc vc
The components of all three systems are a series of ___________ which are activated sequen
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tially in the presence of _____________
vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-the complement system, clotting system, and kinin system -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
The components of all three systems are a series of inactive proteins which are activated sequentially in
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
the presence of tissue injury
c vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 9 vc
complement system activation -what activates the classical pathway? -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
The lectin and alternative pathways do not require ____________ to recruit phagocytes, activ
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ate mast cells, and destroy pathogens.
vc vc vc vc vc
Exam Solution
vc
Module 2 McCance and Huether's Pathophysiology 9th e vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
d. ch. 7 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTION
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
S AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (9A25A)
vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 1 vc
Innate defenses -what line of defense -when do they start being present? -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
include ___________ and _____________
vc vc vc
ANSWER
-first line of defense -present at birth -include surface barriers and mucous membranes
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 2 vc
Inflammation -what line of defense -how is it activated? -Is it specific?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-second line of defense -activated with cellular damage from any cause -it is nonspecific
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 3 vc
adaptive immunity -is also called _____ -what line of defense -Is it specific?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-acquired immunity -third line of defense - it is specific to particular antigens and has memory
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 4 vc
What are the three layers of human defense?
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-physiologic barriers -inflammatory response -and adaptive (acquired) immunity
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
, QUESTION 5 vc
physical defenses -first line of defense against ___________ and ___________ -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
barriers include ________ and ___________vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-physical damage and entrance of pathogens -skin and mucous membranes
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 6 vc
antimicrobial peptides -found in __________ -function vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-mucous secretions, perspiration, saliva, tears, and other secretions -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
provide a biochemical barrier against pathogenic microorganisms
vc vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 7 vc
Microbiome - vc
where do colonies of commensal or mutualistic microorganisms exist? (3 places) -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
provide _________ by releasing _____________ which facilitate _____________ and prevent ____________
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
-Other function in the GI tract
vc vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-skin, mucous membranes, lining of the GI tract -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
provide protection by releasing biochemical compounds which facilitate immune responses and preven
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
t colonization by pathogens -facilitate digestion
vc vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 8 vc
Inflammation -three key plasma protein systems - vc vc vc vc vc vc
The components of all three systems are a series of ___________ which are activated sequen
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
tially in the presence of _____________
vc vc vc vc vc
ANSWER
-the complement system, clotting system, and kinin system -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
The components of all three systems are a series of inactive proteins which are activated sequentially in
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc v
the presence of tissue injury
c vc vc vc vc
QUESTION 9 vc
complement system activation -what activates the classical pathway? -
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
The lectin and alternative pathways do not require ____________ to recruit phagocytes, activ
vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc
ate mast cells, and destroy pathogens.
vc vc vc vc vc
