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Samenvatting Klinisch eindexamen UA UAskMe - ENDOCRINOLOGIE

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Volledige uitwerking van de UAskMe lijst van het vak ENDOCRINOLOGIE. Voldoende om te slagen voor MCQ en mondeling klinisch eindexamen aan de Universiteit Antwerpen.

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U ASK ME
ENDOCRINOLOGIE
[Ondertitel van document]




KLINISCH EINDEXAMEN

2025-2026
0

,INHOUDSOPGAVE
Inhoudsopgave ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
1. Diabetes Mellitus ........................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 inleiding .................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Diabetes Mellitus type 1 ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Diabetes mellitus type 2 ......................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Complicaties diabetes mellitus ............................................................................................................... 16
1.5 Antidiabetica ........................................................................................................................................... 28
2. schildklierlijden ............................................................................................................................................ 38
2.1 Hypofyse-hypothalamus-schildklier-AS .................................................................................................. 38
2.2 Hypothyroïdie ......................................................................................................................................... 40
2.3 HyperthyrOïdie ....................................................................................................................................... 45
2.4 Euthyroïdische (multi)nodulaire goiter ................................................................................................... 53
2.5 nodule ..................................................................................................................................................... 56
3. Schildklierlijden: kanker ............................................................................................................................... 57
4. Obesitas ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
5. Dyslipidemie ................................................................................................................................................ 66
6.1 Hypo- en hypercalciëmie: algemeen ...................................................................................................... 74
6.2 Hypocalciëmie......................................................................................................................................... 75
6.3 Hypercalciëmie ....................................................................................................................................... 81
7.1 Hypofysepathologie ................................................................................................................................ 87
7.2 Hypopituitarisme .................................................................................................................................... 88
7.3 Hypofyse adenoom (Niet-secreterend macro-adenoom) ...................................................................... 91
7.3 Acromegalie ............................................................................................................................................ 94
7.4 Cushing ................................................................................................................................................... 97
7.5 Prolactinoom ........................................................................................................................................ 103
7.6 Diabetes insipidus ................................................................................................................................. 107
7.7 Siadh ..................................................................................................................................................... 109
8 Bijnierpathologie ....................................................................................................................................... 111
8.3 Addison ................................................................................................................................................. 112
8.4 Hyperaldosteronisme ........................................................................................................................... 116
8.5 Feochromocytoom................................................................................................................................ 120
8.6 Bijnierschorshyperplasie ....................................................................................................................... 122
8.7 Bijnierincidentaloom............................................................................................................................. 124
9 Endocriene hypertensie ............................................................................................................................. 125


1

,10 Gynaecomastie .......................................................................................................................................... 126
11 Hirsutisme.................................................................................................................................................. 130
12 Hypoglycemie (niet diabetes gerelateerd) ................................................................................................ 135
13 Multipele endocriene neoplasie ................................................................................................................ 143




2

, 1. DIABETES MELLITUS
1.1 INLEIDING
ALGEMEEN

- Definitie
o = metabole ziekte, primair gekenmerkt door hyperglycemie
- Algemene oorzaak
o Stoornissen in het koolhydraat-, eiwit- en vetmetabolisme
- Prevalentie
o Neemt toe in België
o DM: 10%
o Prediabetes: 6%

PREDIABETES

= gestoorde glucosetolerantie of gestoorde nuchtere glucose

- Risico 5-7% per jaar om DM te ontwikkelen, 10-30% per jaar indien zowel nuchtere glucose als
glucosetolerantie testen verstoord zijn (!)
- In dit stadium een actieve levensstijl + een gezond voedingspatroon → risicoreductie met 60% (!!!)

Risicoreductie door metformine: 31% >< totaal geen evenwaardig effect als veranderen van levensstijl (!)

FINDRISK-SCORE

= vragenlijst om risico op ontwikkelen van DMT2 binnen 10 jaar te voorspellen (adhv risicofactoren)

- Leeftijd
- BMI
- Middelomtrek
- VG van antihypertensieve medicatie
- VG van verhoogde glycemie
- Consumptie van groenten, fruit en bessen
- Fysieke activiteit
- Familiale VG van DM
➔ Hoe hoger de score, hoe hoger het risico op DM

INTERPRETATIE
Kans op DM binnen 10 jaar in percentage weergegeven

- 1-6 punten: 1% → laag DM risico
- 7-11 punten: 4% → licht verhoogd DM risico
- 12-14 punten: 17% → sterk verhoogd DM risico + advies HA
- 15-20 punten: 33% → advies HA
- 21-26 punten: 50% → advies om langs HA te gaan




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