NUR 354 EXAM 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Endocrine System Maintains homeostasis using hormones as chemical messengers secreted in
response to changes in the internal environment
Negative Feedback Common mechanism where the last hormone in a pathway provides feedback.
i.e As serum calcium levels fall, PTH is released
PTH causes an increase in serum calcium
Provides feedback to the parathyroid glands to shut off PTH secretion
Helps to prevent excessive secretion of hormones, limiting their physiologic
responses
Hormone Pharmacotherapy Treatment using hormones to affect physiological responses
Parathyroid Gland that stimulates osteoclasts, raises serum calcium levels, releases calcium
from bones t circ, increases reabsorption from Kidneys, Increases Absorption
in GI Tract,
Calcitonin Hormone that decreases calcium levels in the blood
Diabetes Insipidus Deficiency in ADH
A condition characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst
Increased Thirst
Polyuria
Pharmacotherapy: ADH
Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin and Lypressin: Short duration (2-8hrs)
Also treats Hempphilia
Monitor Sodium levels
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Hormone used to treat diabetes insipidus caused by its deficiency
Desmopressin (DDAVP) Synthetic analog of ADH used to manage diabetes insipidus
Anterior Pituitary Agents Drugs like desmopressin that act on the pituitary gland
MOA: acts on kidneys to increase water reabsorption
Contracts smooth muscle or Vascualr system, uterus, and GI tract
Primary use: DI (also hemophilia A)
ADVERSE: WATER INTOXICATION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA, MILD ABDOMINAL
PAIN, HYPERTENSION, HYPERVOLEMIC- Monitor BP, I&O
, Thyroid Gland Produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), essential for
metabolism
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of T4 & T3
Negative Feedback Loop
Low T4 signals the hypothalamus to release thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH),
Signals pitutiary to release, TSH STIMULATES RELEASE OF T3 & T4
Hyperthyroidism Condition with increased metabolism, weight loss, elevated body temperature,
anxiety
Hypothyroidism Weight gain, General weakness, muscle cramps, dry skin
Slurred speech, Bradycardia, weight gain, decreased sene of taste and
smell, intolerance to cold, Elevated TSH with deminished T3 & T4
Hypothyroidism Most common cause is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimotos)
Levothyroxine Thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism
MOA
Primary Use: Low thyroid function and Hashimotos
ADVERSE: HYPERTHYROIDISM, PALPITATIONS, DYSRHYTHMIAS, ANXIETY,
INSOMNIA, WEIGHT LOSS, HEAT INTOLERANCE,, MENSTRUAL
IRREGULARITIES AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN WOMEN
Actions and Uses
Serum TSH levels are regularly monitored to determine whether
the patient is receiving sufficient levothyroxine—high TSH levels
usually indicate that the dosage of T4 needs to be increased.
SO IF IT IS WORKING THE TSH WILL BE LOW
INCREASES RATE OF ALL BODY SYSTEMS!
○ MAY CAUSE HOT FLASHES AND INCREASED HR
Drug–Drug: WARFRIN= INCREASED RISK OF BLEEDING
Administration Alerts
○ Administer the medication at the same time every day, preferably
in the morning to decrease the potential for insomnia.
○ Take ON EMPTY STOMACH 30 MINUTES BEFORE
BREAKFAST
○ Pregnancy category A.
○ ASSESS HEART RATE
○ INCREASES RATE OF ALL BODY SYSTEMS!
○ MAY CAUSE HOT FLASHES AND INCREASED HR
● Black Box Warning: Use of thyroid hormone in the treatment of obesity or
weight loss is contraindicated.
Levothyroxine increases the effects of warfarin, resulting in
an increased risk of bleeding.
Thyroid Storm Life-threatening condition with very high levels of circulating thyroid hormone
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Antithyroid agent used to decrease thyroid gland activity
Adrenal Cortex Secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids
CORRECT Answers
Endocrine System Maintains homeostasis using hormones as chemical messengers secreted in
response to changes in the internal environment
Negative Feedback Common mechanism where the last hormone in a pathway provides feedback.
i.e As serum calcium levels fall, PTH is released
PTH causes an increase in serum calcium
Provides feedback to the parathyroid glands to shut off PTH secretion
Helps to prevent excessive secretion of hormones, limiting their physiologic
responses
Hormone Pharmacotherapy Treatment using hormones to affect physiological responses
Parathyroid Gland that stimulates osteoclasts, raises serum calcium levels, releases calcium
from bones t circ, increases reabsorption from Kidneys, Increases Absorption
in GI Tract,
Calcitonin Hormone that decreases calcium levels in the blood
Diabetes Insipidus Deficiency in ADH
A condition characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst
Increased Thirst
Polyuria
Pharmacotherapy: ADH
Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin and Lypressin: Short duration (2-8hrs)
Also treats Hempphilia
Monitor Sodium levels
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Hormone used to treat diabetes insipidus caused by its deficiency
Desmopressin (DDAVP) Synthetic analog of ADH used to manage diabetes insipidus
Anterior Pituitary Agents Drugs like desmopressin that act on the pituitary gland
MOA: acts on kidneys to increase water reabsorption
Contracts smooth muscle or Vascualr system, uterus, and GI tract
Primary use: DI (also hemophilia A)
ADVERSE: WATER INTOXICATION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA, MILD ABDOMINAL
PAIN, HYPERTENSION, HYPERVOLEMIC- Monitor BP, I&O
, Thyroid Gland Produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), essential for
metabolism
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of T4 & T3
Negative Feedback Loop
Low T4 signals the hypothalamus to release thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH),
Signals pitutiary to release, TSH STIMULATES RELEASE OF T3 & T4
Hyperthyroidism Condition with increased metabolism, weight loss, elevated body temperature,
anxiety
Hypothyroidism Weight gain, General weakness, muscle cramps, dry skin
Slurred speech, Bradycardia, weight gain, decreased sene of taste and
smell, intolerance to cold, Elevated TSH with deminished T3 & T4
Hypothyroidism Most common cause is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimotos)
Levothyroxine Thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism
MOA
Primary Use: Low thyroid function and Hashimotos
ADVERSE: HYPERTHYROIDISM, PALPITATIONS, DYSRHYTHMIAS, ANXIETY,
INSOMNIA, WEIGHT LOSS, HEAT INTOLERANCE,, MENSTRUAL
IRREGULARITIES AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN WOMEN
Actions and Uses
Serum TSH levels are regularly monitored to determine whether
the patient is receiving sufficient levothyroxine—high TSH levels
usually indicate that the dosage of T4 needs to be increased.
SO IF IT IS WORKING THE TSH WILL BE LOW
INCREASES RATE OF ALL BODY SYSTEMS!
○ MAY CAUSE HOT FLASHES AND INCREASED HR
Drug–Drug: WARFRIN= INCREASED RISK OF BLEEDING
Administration Alerts
○ Administer the medication at the same time every day, preferably
in the morning to decrease the potential for insomnia.
○ Take ON EMPTY STOMACH 30 MINUTES BEFORE
BREAKFAST
○ Pregnancy category A.
○ ASSESS HEART RATE
○ INCREASES RATE OF ALL BODY SYSTEMS!
○ MAY CAUSE HOT FLASHES AND INCREASED HR
● Black Box Warning: Use of thyroid hormone in the treatment of obesity or
weight loss is contraindicated.
Levothyroxine increases the effects of warfarin, resulting in
an increased risk of bleeding.
Thyroid Storm Life-threatening condition with very high levels of circulating thyroid hormone
Propylthiouracil (PTU) Antithyroid agent used to decrease thyroid gland activity
Adrenal Cortex Secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids
