Nursing Fundamentals NUR108 Week 1 – Chapter 18 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Lecture Summary and Study Guide
B. A 62-year-old patient with chronic diarrhea - ✔✔Which patient should you assess using
Chvostek's sign?
A. A 78-year-old patient with a metastatic cancer
B. A 62-year-old patient with chronic diarrhea
C. A 35-year-old patient with oliguric renal disease
D. A 42-year-old patient with bacterial pneumonia
C. Crackles in the lung bases - ✔✔You have four patients with new signs and symptoms of ECV
excess. Which assessment should you report most urgently to a health care provider?
A. Daily weight increase of 1 kg
B. Full neck veins when semiupright
C. Crackles in the lung bases
D. Bilateral swollen ankles
C. pH, 7.22; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; PaCO2, 30 mm Hg; HCO3-, 12 mEq/L - ✔✔Your patient has
diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of these arterial blood gas values is consistent with that diagnosis?
A. pH, 7.52; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; PaCO2, 42 mm Hg; HCO3-, 36 mEq/L
B. pH, 7.52; PaO2, 80 mm Hg; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; HCO3-, 24 mEq/L
C. pH, 7.22; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; PaCO2, 30 mm Hg; HCO3-, 12 mEq/L
D. pH, 7.26; PaO2, 80 mm Hg; PaCO2, 55 mm Hg; HCO3-, 24 mEq/L
B. Keep the IV line open by replacing the blood tubing at the VAD hub with primed new tubing
attached to 0.9% NaCl. - ✔✔Your patient who is receiving a blood transfusion develops chills,
flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension. You stop the infusion. What should you do next?
, A. Keep the IV line open by turning on the 0.9% NaCl that currently is connected to the Y tubing
of the infusion set.
B. Keep the IV line open by replacing the blood tubing at the VAD hub with primed new tubing
attached to 0.9% NaCl.
C. Notify the health care provider after checking the patient's vital signs.
D. Notify the health care provider and then check the patient's vital signs.
A. Neck veins when upright and quadriceps muscle strength - ✔✔Your patient has an
aldosterone-secreting tumor. Which assessments do you use to detect the fluid and electrolyte
imbalances for which this patient has high risk?
A. Neck veins when upright and quadriceps muscle strength
B. Urine output, blood pressure, and cardiac rate and rhythm
C. Daily weights and Chvostek's sign
D. Level of consciousness and arterial blood gases
D. Therapy is effective; assess for signs and symptoms of ECV deficit. - ✔✔Your patient was
hospitalized with heart failure and is receiving a diuretic. His daily weights for 3 days show a
downward trend. How should you interpret this assessment, and what should you do?
A. Therapy is not effective; report that to the health care provider.
B. Therapy is not effective; assess for signs of worsening heart failure.
C. Therapy is effective; tell the patient that he will go home soon.
D. Therapy is effective; assess for signs and symptoms of ECV deficit.
C. Insert new tubing into the new solution container, prime it, and replace the old tubing. -
✔✔While changing an IV solution container using the existing tubing, you accidentally drop the
tubing, and the spike hits the IV pole before you catch it. It does not touch the floor. What
should you do?
A. Insert the spike in the new solution container and check for air in the tubing.
B. Chart that tubing replacement should be scheduled within the next 24 hours.
Lecture Summary and Study Guide
B. A 62-year-old patient with chronic diarrhea - ✔✔Which patient should you assess using
Chvostek's sign?
A. A 78-year-old patient with a metastatic cancer
B. A 62-year-old patient with chronic diarrhea
C. A 35-year-old patient with oliguric renal disease
D. A 42-year-old patient with bacterial pneumonia
C. Crackles in the lung bases - ✔✔You have four patients with new signs and symptoms of ECV
excess. Which assessment should you report most urgently to a health care provider?
A. Daily weight increase of 1 kg
B. Full neck veins when semiupright
C. Crackles in the lung bases
D. Bilateral swollen ankles
C. pH, 7.22; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; PaCO2, 30 mm Hg; HCO3-, 12 mEq/L - ✔✔Your patient has
diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of these arterial blood gas values is consistent with that diagnosis?
A. pH, 7.52; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; PaCO2, 42 mm Hg; HCO3-, 36 mEq/L
B. pH, 7.52; PaO2, 80 mm Hg; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; HCO3-, 24 mEq/L
C. pH, 7.22; PaO2, 90 mm Hg; PaCO2, 30 mm Hg; HCO3-, 12 mEq/L
D. pH, 7.26; PaO2, 80 mm Hg; PaCO2, 55 mm Hg; HCO3-, 24 mEq/L
B. Keep the IV line open by replacing the blood tubing at the VAD hub with primed new tubing
attached to 0.9% NaCl. - ✔✔Your patient who is receiving a blood transfusion develops chills,
flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension. You stop the infusion. What should you do next?
, A. Keep the IV line open by turning on the 0.9% NaCl that currently is connected to the Y tubing
of the infusion set.
B. Keep the IV line open by replacing the blood tubing at the VAD hub with primed new tubing
attached to 0.9% NaCl.
C. Notify the health care provider after checking the patient's vital signs.
D. Notify the health care provider and then check the patient's vital signs.
A. Neck veins when upright and quadriceps muscle strength - ✔✔Your patient has an
aldosterone-secreting tumor. Which assessments do you use to detect the fluid and electrolyte
imbalances for which this patient has high risk?
A. Neck veins when upright and quadriceps muscle strength
B. Urine output, blood pressure, and cardiac rate and rhythm
C. Daily weights and Chvostek's sign
D. Level of consciousness and arterial blood gases
D. Therapy is effective; assess for signs and symptoms of ECV deficit. - ✔✔Your patient was
hospitalized with heart failure and is receiving a diuretic. His daily weights for 3 days show a
downward trend. How should you interpret this assessment, and what should you do?
A. Therapy is not effective; report that to the health care provider.
B. Therapy is not effective; assess for signs of worsening heart failure.
C. Therapy is effective; tell the patient that he will go home soon.
D. Therapy is effective; assess for signs and symptoms of ECV deficit.
C. Insert new tubing into the new solution container, prime it, and replace the old tubing. -
✔✔While changing an IV solution container using the existing tubing, you accidentally drop the
tubing, and the spike hits the IV pole before you catch it. It does not touch the floor. What
should you do?
A. Insert the spike in the new solution container and check for air in the tubing.
B. Chart that tubing replacement should be scheduled within the next 24 hours.
