Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice - Final Exam 1 2026
|Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm is defined as the recipient of
nursing care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Person
B. Health
C. Nursing
D. Environment
Answer: A
Rationale: The ‘Person’ component of the metaparadigm refers to the human beings as
recipients of care, which can be individuals or larger groups like families or communities.
2. Who is recognized as the first nursing theorist, emphasizing the importance of
the environment in healing?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Jean Watson
D. Florence Nightingale
Answer: D
Rationale: Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory focused on the manipulation of
the physical environment to promote health and healing.
,3. In Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what are the ‘Caritas Processes’?
A. Techniques for physical assessment
B. Guidelines for clinical nursing skills
C. Practices for cultivating a caring-healing relationship
D. Steps for the nursing process
Answer: C
Rationale: The Caritas Processes are ten principles designed to guide the nurse-patient
relationship toward deep, holistic caring.
4. Which level of nursing theory is the most abstract and provides a global
perspective on the discipline?
A. Middle-range theory
B. Grand theory
C. Practice theory
D. Descriptive theory
Answer: B
Rationale: Grand theories are the most complex and abstract, providing broad frameworks
for the entire nursing profession.
5. According to Patricia Benner, a nurse who has been on the job for 2-3 years
and can prioritize tasks based on long-term goals is at what stage?
A. Novice
B. Competent
C. Advanced Beginner
D. Proficient
Answer: B
Rationale: The Competent stage is characterized by a nurse who has been in the same
situation for two to three years and manages care with conscious, deliberate planning.
, 6. Dorothea Orem’s theory is primarily focused on which concept?
A. Self-care deficit
B. Interpersonal relations
C. Cultural care diversity
D. Unitary human beings
Answer: A
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory emphasizes that nursing is required
when an individual is unable to perform self-care.
7. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Adaptation Model’, viewing the person
as a set of interrelated systems?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Imogene King
C. Callista Roy
D. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Answer: C
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system
that responds to internal and external stimuli.
8. Hildegard Peplau is best known for her theory on:
A. Interpersonal relations
B. Systems stability
C. Environmental management
D. Health promotion
Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations focuses on the therapeutic
relationship between the nurse and the patient.
|Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm is defined as the recipient of
nursing care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Person
B. Health
C. Nursing
D. Environment
Answer: A
Rationale: The ‘Person’ component of the metaparadigm refers to the human beings as
recipients of care, which can be individuals or larger groups like families or communities.
2. Who is recognized as the first nursing theorist, emphasizing the importance of
the environment in healing?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Jean Watson
D. Florence Nightingale
Answer: D
Rationale: Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory focused on the manipulation of
the physical environment to promote health and healing.
,3. In Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what are the ‘Caritas Processes’?
A. Techniques for physical assessment
B. Guidelines for clinical nursing skills
C. Practices for cultivating a caring-healing relationship
D. Steps for the nursing process
Answer: C
Rationale: The Caritas Processes are ten principles designed to guide the nurse-patient
relationship toward deep, holistic caring.
4. Which level of nursing theory is the most abstract and provides a global
perspective on the discipline?
A. Middle-range theory
B. Grand theory
C. Practice theory
D. Descriptive theory
Answer: B
Rationale: Grand theories are the most complex and abstract, providing broad frameworks
for the entire nursing profession.
5. According to Patricia Benner, a nurse who has been on the job for 2-3 years
and can prioritize tasks based on long-term goals is at what stage?
A. Novice
B. Competent
C. Advanced Beginner
D. Proficient
Answer: B
Rationale: The Competent stage is characterized by a nurse who has been in the same
situation for two to three years and manages care with conscious, deliberate planning.
, 6. Dorothea Orem’s theory is primarily focused on which concept?
A. Self-care deficit
B. Interpersonal relations
C. Cultural care diversity
D. Unitary human beings
Answer: A
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory emphasizes that nursing is required
when an individual is unable to perform self-care.
7. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Adaptation Model’, viewing the person
as a set of interrelated systems?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Imogene King
C. Callista Roy
D. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Answer: C
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system
that responds to internal and external stimuli.
8. Hildegard Peplau is best known for her theory on:
A. Interpersonal relations
B. Systems stability
C. Environmental management
D. Health promotion
Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations focuses on the therapeutic
relationship between the nurse and the patient.
