NURS 600 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice - Exam 8 2026
|Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm refers to the recipient of
nursing care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Person
B. Health
C. Environment
D. Nursing
Answer: A
Rationale: The ‘Person’ component of the metaparadigm focuses on the individual or
group receiving care, emphasizing their unique needs and holistic nature.
2. According to Florence Nightingale, what is the primary focus of nursing?
A. Administering medications
B. Managing the patient’s environment to promote healing
C. Assisting the physician with medical procedures
D. Conducting psychological therapy
Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory suggests that the nurse’s role is to
manipulate the environment (light, air, cleanliness) to allow nature to act upon the patient.
,3. Hildegard Peplau is best known for which nursing theory?
A. Science of Unitary Human Beings
B. Self-Care Deficit Theory
C. Theory of Interpersonal Relations
D. Adaptation Model
Answer: C
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations emphasizes the nurse-patient
relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
4. In Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory, what occurs when a patient is unable to
meet their own therapeutic self-care demands?
A. Self-care deficit
B. Nursing agency
C. Adaptation
D. Health promotion
Answer: A
Rationale: A self-care deficit exists when the patient’s self-care agency is not sufficient to
meet their therapeutic self-care demand, requiring nursing intervention.
5. Which theorist developed the ‘Science of Unitary Human Beings,’ focusing on
energy fields and patterns?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Sister Callista Roy
C. Jean Watson
D. Dorothea Orem
Answer: A
Rationale: Martha Rogers viewed humans as irreducible, four-dimensional energy fields
integral with the environment.
, 6. The Roy Adaptation Model identifies four modes of adaptation. Which of the
following is NOT one of those modes?
A. Physiological-Physical Mode
B. Spiritual-Transcendental Mode
C. Self-Concept-Group Identity Mode
D. Role Function Mode
Answer: B
Rationale: The four modes are Physiological, Self-Concept, Role Function, and
Interdependence. Spiritual-Transcendental is not one of the official four.
7. Jean Watson’s theory of nursing focuses predominantly on which concept?
A. Caring and caritas processes
B. Biological systems
C. Technological efficiency
D. Economic outcomes
Answer: A
Rationale: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on the transpersonal caring
relationship and the 10 Caritas Processes.
8. Which type of theory is most specific, has a limited number of concepts, and
is easily testable in clinical practice?
A. Middle-Range Theory
B. Philosophy
C. Meta-theory
D. Grand Theory
Answer: A
Rationale: Middle-range theories are narrower in scope than grand theories and provide a
bridge between research and practice.
|Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm refers to the recipient of
nursing care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Person
B. Health
C. Environment
D. Nursing
Answer: A
Rationale: The ‘Person’ component of the metaparadigm focuses on the individual or
group receiving care, emphasizing their unique needs and holistic nature.
2. According to Florence Nightingale, what is the primary focus of nursing?
A. Administering medications
B. Managing the patient’s environment to promote healing
C. Assisting the physician with medical procedures
D. Conducting psychological therapy
Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory suggests that the nurse’s role is to
manipulate the environment (light, air, cleanliness) to allow nature to act upon the patient.
,3. Hildegard Peplau is best known for which nursing theory?
A. Science of Unitary Human Beings
B. Self-Care Deficit Theory
C. Theory of Interpersonal Relations
D. Adaptation Model
Answer: C
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations emphasizes the nurse-patient
relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
4. In Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory, what occurs when a patient is unable to
meet their own therapeutic self-care demands?
A. Self-care deficit
B. Nursing agency
C. Adaptation
D. Health promotion
Answer: A
Rationale: A self-care deficit exists when the patient’s self-care agency is not sufficient to
meet their therapeutic self-care demand, requiring nursing intervention.
5. Which theorist developed the ‘Science of Unitary Human Beings,’ focusing on
energy fields and patterns?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Sister Callista Roy
C. Jean Watson
D. Dorothea Orem
Answer: A
Rationale: Martha Rogers viewed humans as irreducible, four-dimensional energy fields
integral with the environment.
, 6. The Roy Adaptation Model identifies four modes of adaptation. Which of the
following is NOT one of those modes?
A. Physiological-Physical Mode
B. Spiritual-Transcendental Mode
C. Self-Concept-Group Identity Mode
D. Role Function Mode
Answer: B
Rationale: The four modes are Physiological, Self-Concept, Role Function, and
Interdependence. Spiritual-Transcendental is not one of the official four.
7. Jean Watson’s theory of nursing focuses predominantly on which concept?
A. Caring and caritas processes
B. Biological systems
C. Technological efficiency
D. Economic outcomes
Answer: A
Rationale: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on the transpersonal caring
relationship and the 10 Caritas Processes.
8. Which type of theory is most specific, has a limited number of concepts, and
is easily testable in clinical practice?
A. Middle-Range Theory
B. Philosophy
C. Meta-theory
D. Grand Theory
Answer: A
Rationale: Middle-range theories are narrower in scope than grand theories and provide a
bridge between research and practice.
