NURS 600 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice - Exam 6 2026
|Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm refers to the internal and
external surroundings that affect the client?
A. Person
B. Environment
C. Health
D. Nursing
Answer: B
Rationale: The environment includes all external conditions and influences affecting the
life and development of an organism.
2. According to Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what are the ‘Caritas
Processes’?
A. A set of clinical procedures for physical healing
B. Administrative protocols for nurse management
C. Steps for implementing evidence-based practice
D. Guidelines for establishing a caring relationship and sacred space
Answer: D
Rationale: Watson’s Caritas Processes are the core of her theory, focusing on the
philosophical and ethical aspects of caring in nursing.
,3. Which nursing theorist defined nursing as ‘the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery’?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Virginia Henderson
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: C
Rationale: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasizes the impact of the environment
on health and recovery.
4. In the Novice to Expert model by Patricia Benner, which level describes a
nurse who has been on the job 2-3 years and can see the long-term goals?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Expert
C. Proficient
D. Competent
Answer: D
Rationale: Competent nurses have typically been in the same situation for two or three
years and begin to see their actions in terms of long-range goals.
5. Which type of theory is most limited in scope and developed for a specific
nursing situation?
A. Practice-level Theory
B. Middle-range Theory
C. Grand Theory
D. Descriptive Theory
Answer: A
Rationale: Practice-level theories are situation-specific and provide frameworks for
nursing interventions for a particular population.
, 6. What is the primary focus of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory?
A. Interpersonal relations
B. Adaptation of the patient
C. Unitary human beings
D. Self-care deficit
Answer: D
Rationale: Orem’s theory focuses on the individual’s ability to perform self-care and the
nurse’s role when there is a deficit.
7. Which of the following describes ‘Empirical Knowing’ in Carper’s Patterns of
Knowing?
A. The science of nursing based on factual and descriptive data
B. The art of nursing and empathy
C. Moral knowledge and ethical codes
D. The therapeutic use of self
Answer: A
Rationale: Empirical knowing is factual, objective, and can be verified through scientific
research.
8. According to the Roy Adaptation Model, what are the four modes of
adaptation?
A. Biological, Psychological, Social, Spiritual
B. Physiological, Self-concept, Role function, Interdependence
C. Input, Control, Output, Feedback
D. Internal, External, Holistic, Adaptive
Answer: B
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy identifies these four effector modes through which
adaptation occurs.
|Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm refers to the internal and
external surroundings that affect the client?
A. Person
B. Environment
C. Health
D. Nursing
Answer: B
Rationale: The environment includes all external conditions and influences affecting the
life and development of an organism.
2. According to Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, what are the ‘Caritas
Processes’?
A. A set of clinical procedures for physical healing
B. Administrative protocols for nurse management
C. Steps for implementing evidence-based practice
D. Guidelines for establishing a caring relationship and sacred space
Answer: D
Rationale: Watson’s Caritas Processes are the core of her theory, focusing on the
philosophical and ethical aspects of caring in nursing.
,3. Which nursing theorist defined nursing as ‘the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery’?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Virginia Henderson
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: C
Rationale: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasizes the impact of the environment
on health and recovery.
4. In the Novice to Expert model by Patricia Benner, which level describes a
nurse who has been on the job 2-3 years and can see the long-term goals?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Expert
C. Proficient
D. Competent
Answer: D
Rationale: Competent nurses have typically been in the same situation for two or three
years and begin to see their actions in terms of long-range goals.
5. Which type of theory is most limited in scope and developed for a specific
nursing situation?
A. Practice-level Theory
B. Middle-range Theory
C. Grand Theory
D. Descriptive Theory
Answer: A
Rationale: Practice-level theories are situation-specific and provide frameworks for
nursing interventions for a particular population.
, 6. What is the primary focus of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory?
A. Interpersonal relations
B. Adaptation of the patient
C. Unitary human beings
D. Self-care deficit
Answer: D
Rationale: Orem’s theory focuses on the individual’s ability to perform self-care and the
nurse’s role when there is a deficit.
7. Which of the following describes ‘Empirical Knowing’ in Carper’s Patterns of
Knowing?
A. The science of nursing based on factual and descriptive data
B. The art of nursing and empathy
C. Moral knowledge and ethical codes
D. The therapeutic use of self
Answer: A
Rationale: Empirical knowing is factual, objective, and can be verified through scientific
research.
8. According to the Roy Adaptation Model, what are the four modes of
adaptation?
A. Biological, Psychological, Social, Spiritual
B. Physiological, Self-concept, Role function, Interdependence
C. Input, Control, Output, Feedback
D. Internal, External, Holistic, Adaptive
Answer: B
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy identifies these four effector modes through which
adaptation occurs.
