NURS 600: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice - Week 8 Study
Guide 2026 |Maryville
1. Which level of nursing theory is most specific, provides the least amount of
abstraction, and is often used to guide specific nursing interventions?
A. Grand Theories
B. Middle-Range Theories
C. Practice-Level Theories
D. Metaparadigms
Answer: C
Rationale: Practice-level theories (also called situation-specific theories) are the most
concrete and focused on a specific population or field of practice.
2. According to the Nursing Metaparadigm, which component refers to the
internal and external surroundings that affect the client?
A. Health
B. Person
C. Nursing
D. Environment
Answer: D
Rationale: The Environment component of the metaparadigm includes all conditions,
circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development of the person.
,3. Which nursing theorist is best known for the ‘Theory of Human Caring’ and
the ‘10 Caritas Processes’?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Jean Watson
C. Martha Rogers
D. Callista Roy
Answer: B
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring focuses on the
holistic healing of the person through carative factors.
4. The ‘Novice to Expert’ model, which describes the stages of clinical
competence, was developed by:
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Hildegard Peplau
C. Patricia Benner
D. Imogene King
Answer: C
Rationale: Patricia Benner introduced the Novice to Expert model, identifying five levels of
nursing experience: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.
5. In the Roy Adaptation Model, what is the primary goal of nursing?
A. To promote adaptation in the four adaptive modes
B. To provide self-care for those unable to do so
C. To manipulate the environment to facilitate healing
D. To achieve a state of transactional goal attainment
Answer: A
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s model focuses on helping the patient adapt to changes in
physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
, 6. Which theory focuses on the interpersonal process between the nurse and
the patient and identifies phases like ‘orientation’ and ‘exploitation’?
A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory
B. Leninger’s Culture Care Theory
C. Pender’s Health Promotion Model
D. Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Answer: D
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau is known as the ‘Mother of Psychiatric Nursing’ and focused
on the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
7. What is the primary characteristic of a ‘Grand Theory’ in nursing?
A. It focuses on specific clinical outcomes
B. It only applies to geriatric nursing
C. It is easily testable through empirical research
D. It is highly abstract and provides a broad global view
Answer: D
Rationale: Grand theories are complex and broad in scope; they require further
specification and middle-range theories for testing and application.
8. Which theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing’?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Rosemarie Parse
D. Margaret Newman
Answer: B
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s theory posits that nursing is required when an adult is unable
to perform self-care to maintain life and health.
Guide 2026 |Maryville
1. Which level of nursing theory is most specific, provides the least amount of
abstraction, and is often used to guide specific nursing interventions?
A. Grand Theories
B. Middle-Range Theories
C. Practice-Level Theories
D. Metaparadigms
Answer: C
Rationale: Practice-level theories (also called situation-specific theories) are the most
concrete and focused on a specific population or field of practice.
2. According to the Nursing Metaparadigm, which component refers to the
internal and external surroundings that affect the client?
A. Health
B. Person
C. Nursing
D. Environment
Answer: D
Rationale: The Environment component of the metaparadigm includes all conditions,
circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development of the person.
,3. Which nursing theorist is best known for the ‘Theory of Human Caring’ and
the ‘10 Caritas Processes’?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Jean Watson
C. Martha Rogers
D. Callista Roy
Answer: B
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring focuses on the
holistic healing of the person through carative factors.
4. The ‘Novice to Expert’ model, which describes the stages of clinical
competence, was developed by:
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Hildegard Peplau
C. Patricia Benner
D. Imogene King
Answer: C
Rationale: Patricia Benner introduced the Novice to Expert model, identifying five levels of
nursing experience: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.
5. In the Roy Adaptation Model, what is the primary goal of nursing?
A. To promote adaptation in the four adaptive modes
B. To provide self-care for those unable to do so
C. To manipulate the environment to facilitate healing
D. To achieve a state of transactional goal attainment
Answer: A
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s model focuses on helping the patient adapt to changes in
physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
, 6. Which theory focuses on the interpersonal process between the nurse and
the patient and identifies phases like ‘orientation’ and ‘exploitation’?
A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory
B. Leninger’s Culture Care Theory
C. Pender’s Health Promotion Model
D. Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Answer: D
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau is known as the ‘Mother of Psychiatric Nursing’ and focused
on the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
7. What is the primary characteristic of a ‘Grand Theory’ in nursing?
A. It focuses on specific clinical outcomes
B. It only applies to geriatric nursing
C. It is easily testable through empirical research
D. It is highly abstract and provides a broad global view
Answer: D
Rationale: Grand theories are complex and broad in scope; they require further
specification and middle-range theories for testing and application.
8. Which theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing’?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Rosemarie Parse
D. Margaret Newman
Answer: B
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s theory posits that nursing is required when an adult is unable
to perform self-care to maintain life and health.
