NURS 600: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice - Midterm
Exam 3 2026 |Maryville
1. What are the four central concepts of the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Health, Illness, Prevention, Treatment
B. Science, Art, Ethics, Professionalism
C. Person, Health, Environment, Nursing
D. Caring, Compassion, Competence, Critical Thinking
Answer: C
Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm consists of the four central concepts that define the
discipline: person, health, environment, and nursing.
2. Which nursing theorist is primarily associated with the ‘Environmental
Theory’?
A. Jean Watson
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Virginia Henderson
D. Florence Nightingale
Answer: D
Rationale: Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory focused on the impact of the
physical environment (ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness) on patient recovery.
,3. Hildegard Peplau is best known for her theory on which aspect of nursing?
A. Interpersonal relations
B. Transcultural care
C. Self-care deficits
D. Systems management
Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations emphasizes the nurse-
patient relationship as a therapeutic process.
4. According to Dorothea Orem, nursing is required when what occurs?
A. The patient loses consciousness
B. Medical treatment is prescribed
C. A self-care deficit exists
D. The family cannot provide care
Answer: C
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory posits that nursing intervention is needed when
an individual’s self-care demand exceeds their self-care agency.
5. Which theorist developed the ‘Theory of Goal Attainment’?
A. Imogene King
B. Betty Neuman
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: A
Rationale: Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interaction between
nurse and patient to set and achieve health-related goals.
, 6. The ‘Adaptation Model’ was developed by which nurse theorist?
A. Patricia Benner
B. Rosemarie Parse
C. Madeline Leininger
D. Sister Callista Roy
Answer: D
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as a biopsychosocial
adaptive system responding to stimuli through four adaptive modes.
7. Which level of theory is most specific and limited in scope, focusing on a
particular patient population?
A. Grand Theory
B. Middle-Range Theory
C. Meta-theory
D. Practice Theory
Answer: D
Rationale: Practice theories (or situation-specific theories) are the most narrow in scope
and provide specific frameworks for particular nursing interventions or populations.
8. Jean Watson’s theory is centered around which core concept?
A. Behavioral systems
B. Cultural competence
C. Unitary human beings
D. Transpersonal caring
Answer: D
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on transpersonal caring
relationships and ‘Caritas’ processes.
Exam 3 2026 |Maryville
1. What are the four central concepts of the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Health, Illness, Prevention, Treatment
B. Science, Art, Ethics, Professionalism
C. Person, Health, Environment, Nursing
D. Caring, Compassion, Competence, Critical Thinking
Answer: C
Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm consists of the four central concepts that define the
discipline: person, health, environment, and nursing.
2. Which nursing theorist is primarily associated with the ‘Environmental
Theory’?
A. Jean Watson
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Virginia Henderson
D. Florence Nightingale
Answer: D
Rationale: Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory focused on the impact of the
physical environment (ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness) on patient recovery.
,3. Hildegard Peplau is best known for her theory on which aspect of nursing?
A. Interpersonal relations
B. Transcultural care
C. Self-care deficits
D. Systems management
Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations emphasizes the nurse-
patient relationship as a therapeutic process.
4. According to Dorothea Orem, nursing is required when what occurs?
A. The patient loses consciousness
B. Medical treatment is prescribed
C. A self-care deficit exists
D. The family cannot provide care
Answer: C
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory posits that nursing intervention is needed when
an individual’s self-care demand exceeds their self-care agency.
5. Which theorist developed the ‘Theory of Goal Attainment’?
A. Imogene King
B. Betty Neuman
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: A
Rationale: Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interaction between
nurse and patient to set and achieve health-related goals.
, 6. The ‘Adaptation Model’ was developed by which nurse theorist?
A. Patricia Benner
B. Rosemarie Parse
C. Madeline Leininger
D. Sister Callista Roy
Answer: D
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as a biopsychosocial
adaptive system responding to stimuli through four adaptive modes.
7. Which level of theory is most specific and limited in scope, focusing on a
particular patient population?
A. Grand Theory
B. Middle-Range Theory
C. Meta-theory
D. Practice Theory
Answer: D
Rationale: Practice theories (or situation-specific theories) are the most narrow in scope
and provide specific frameworks for particular nursing interventions or populations.
8. Jean Watson’s theory is centered around which core concept?
A. Behavioral systems
B. Cultural competence
C. Unitary human beings
D. Transpersonal caring
Answer: D
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on transpersonal caring
relationships and ‘Caritas’ processes.
