NURS 600 Week 3 Study Guide: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing
Practice 2026 |Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm focuses on the recipient of
care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Environment
B. Health
C. Person
D. Nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: The ‘Person’ component of the nursing metaparadigm represents the
individual, family, group, or community that is the recipient of nursing care.
2. Florence Nightingale is best known for her focus on which aspect of the
nursing metaparadigm?
A. Environmental factors
B. Interpersonal communication
C. Self-care deficits
D. Systems adaptation
Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasized the impact of external
conditions like ventilation, light, and cleanliness on patient recovery.
,3. Middle-range theories are characterized by which of the following?
A. Extremely broad scope covering all of nursing
B. Exclusion of research applications
C. Abstract concepts that are hard to test
D. Focus on a specific area of nursing practice
Answer: D
Rationale: Middle-range theories have a narrower focus than grand theories and are more
readily applied to specific clinical situations or populations.
4. Hildegard Peplau’s theory primarily focuses on which type of relationship?
A. The nurse-physician relationship
B. The nurse-patient interpersonal relationship
C. The patient-family relationship
D. The interdisciplinary team relationship
Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations focuses on the therapeutic
interaction between the nurse and the patient as a driver of health.
5. According to Dorothea Orem, when is nursing intervention necessary?
A. When the patient requests a nurse
B. When there is a self-care deficit
C. Only when a physician orders it
D. When the patient is unconscious
Answer: B
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory posits that nursing is required when a
patient is unable to meet their own self-care demands.
, 6. The Roy Adaptation Model views the person as which of the following?
A. An energy field
B. An adaptive system
C. A collection of 14 needs
D. A spiritual being only
Answer: B
Rationale: Callista Roy’s model views the person as a bio-psycho-social adaptive system
that interacts with changing environments.
7. Which theorist developed the ‘Science of Unitary Human Beings’?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Jean Watson
C. Imogene King
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: D
Rationale: Martha Rogers viewed humans as irreducible, four-dimensional energy fields
that are integral with the environment.
8. Jean Watson’s theory is centered on which core concept?
A. Caring (Caritas)
B. Efficiency
C. Critical thinking
D. Medication administration
Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring (Science of Caring) focuses on the
transpersonal caring relationship and the 10 Caritas Processes.
Practice 2026 |Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm focuses on the recipient of
care, including individuals, families, and communities?
A. Environment
B. Health
C. Person
D. Nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: The ‘Person’ component of the nursing metaparadigm represents the
individual, family, group, or community that is the recipient of nursing care.
2. Florence Nightingale is best known for her focus on which aspect of the
nursing metaparadigm?
A. Environmental factors
B. Interpersonal communication
C. Self-care deficits
D. Systems adaptation
Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasized the impact of external
conditions like ventilation, light, and cleanliness on patient recovery.
,3. Middle-range theories are characterized by which of the following?
A. Extremely broad scope covering all of nursing
B. Exclusion of research applications
C. Abstract concepts that are hard to test
D. Focus on a specific area of nursing practice
Answer: D
Rationale: Middle-range theories have a narrower focus than grand theories and are more
readily applied to specific clinical situations or populations.
4. Hildegard Peplau’s theory primarily focuses on which type of relationship?
A. The nurse-physician relationship
B. The nurse-patient interpersonal relationship
C. The patient-family relationship
D. The interdisciplinary team relationship
Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations focuses on the therapeutic
interaction between the nurse and the patient as a driver of health.
5. According to Dorothea Orem, when is nursing intervention necessary?
A. When the patient requests a nurse
B. When there is a self-care deficit
C. Only when a physician orders it
D. When the patient is unconscious
Answer: B
Rationale: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory posits that nursing is required when a
patient is unable to meet their own self-care demands.
, 6. The Roy Adaptation Model views the person as which of the following?
A. An energy field
B. An adaptive system
C. A collection of 14 needs
D. A spiritual being only
Answer: B
Rationale: Callista Roy’s model views the person as a bio-psycho-social adaptive system
that interacts with changing environments.
7. Which theorist developed the ‘Science of Unitary Human Beings’?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Jean Watson
C. Imogene King
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: D
Rationale: Martha Rogers viewed humans as irreducible, four-dimensional energy fields
that are integral with the environment.
8. Jean Watson’s theory is centered on which core concept?
A. Caring (Caritas)
B. Efficiency
C. Critical thinking
D. Medication administration
Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring (Science of Caring) focuses on the
transpersonal caring relationship and the 10 Caritas Processes.
