NURS 600 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice Midterm Exam
2 Study Guide 2026 |Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm refers to the internal and
external surroundings that affect the client?
A. Person
B. Health
C. Environment
D. Nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: The environment includes all external conditions and influences affecting the
life and development of an organism.
2. According to Dorothea Orem, when does a nursing requirement exist?
A. When the patient is unable to perform self-care
B. When the patient requests a nurse
C. When there is a self-care deficit
D. When the patient is hospitalized
Answer: C
Rationale: Orem defines the need for nursing as a ‘self-care deficit’ where the individual’s
self-care agency is not adequate to meet their self-care demand.
,3. Which theory focuses on the ‘transpersonal caring relationship’ between the
nurse and the patient?
A. Jean Watson
B. Imogene King
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Virginia Henderson
Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring emphasizes the transpersonal caring
relationship and carative factors.
4. In the Roy Adaptation Model, what are the two internal mechanisms for
adaptation?
A. Focal and Contextual
B. Input and Output
C. Physical and Emotional
D. Regulator and Cognator
Answer: D
Rationale: Roy identifies the regulator (autonomic/chemical) and cognator
(cognitive/emotive) as the internal coping subsystems.
5. Martha Rogers’ Theory of Unitary Human Beings is based on which
worldview?
A. Particulate-Deterministic
B. Interactive-Integrative
C. Reductionism
D. Simultaneity
Answer: D
Rationale: Martha Rogers viewed humans as unitary beings in constant energy exchange,
which aligns with the Simultaneity worldview.
, 6. What is the primary goal of nursing according to Betty Neuman’s Systems
Model?
A. Achieving independence
B. Providing culturally congruent care
C. Attaining a peaceful death
D. Maintaining system stability through stressor management
Answer: D
Rationale: Neuman’s model focuses on the client system’s response to stressors and
maintaining stability via primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
7. Madeleine Leininger is best known for which nursing theory?
A. Culture Care Diversity and Universality
B. Human Becoming Theory
C. Health as Expanding Consciousness
D. Interpersonal Relations Theory
Answer: A
Rationale: Leininger developed the Transcultural Nursing theory focused on culture care
diversity and universality.
8. Which of Hildegard Peplau’s phases involves the patient seeking professional
assistance for a problem?
A. Orientation
B. Exploitation
C. Resolution
D. Identification
Answer: A
Rationale: The orientation phase is the initial phase where the patient seeks help and the
nurse helps the patient recognize the problem.
2 Study Guide 2026 |Maryville
1. Which component of the nursing metaparadigm refers to the internal and
external surroundings that affect the client?
A. Person
B. Health
C. Environment
D. Nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: The environment includes all external conditions and influences affecting the
life and development of an organism.
2. According to Dorothea Orem, when does a nursing requirement exist?
A. When the patient is unable to perform self-care
B. When the patient requests a nurse
C. When there is a self-care deficit
D. When the patient is hospitalized
Answer: C
Rationale: Orem defines the need for nursing as a ‘self-care deficit’ where the individual’s
self-care agency is not adequate to meet their self-care demand.
,3. Which theory focuses on the ‘transpersonal caring relationship’ between the
nurse and the patient?
A. Jean Watson
B. Imogene King
C. Sister Callista Roy
D. Virginia Henderson
Answer: A
Rationale: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring emphasizes the transpersonal caring
relationship and carative factors.
4. In the Roy Adaptation Model, what are the two internal mechanisms for
adaptation?
A. Focal and Contextual
B. Input and Output
C. Physical and Emotional
D. Regulator and Cognator
Answer: D
Rationale: Roy identifies the regulator (autonomic/chemical) and cognator
(cognitive/emotive) as the internal coping subsystems.
5. Martha Rogers’ Theory of Unitary Human Beings is based on which
worldview?
A. Particulate-Deterministic
B. Interactive-Integrative
C. Reductionism
D. Simultaneity
Answer: D
Rationale: Martha Rogers viewed humans as unitary beings in constant energy exchange,
which aligns with the Simultaneity worldview.
, 6. What is the primary goal of nursing according to Betty Neuman’s Systems
Model?
A. Achieving independence
B. Providing culturally congruent care
C. Attaining a peaceful death
D. Maintaining system stability through stressor management
Answer: D
Rationale: Neuman’s model focuses on the client system’s response to stressors and
maintaining stability via primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
7. Madeleine Leininger is best known for which nursing theory?
A. Culture Care Diversity and Universality
B. Human Becoming Theory
C. Health as Expanding Consciousness
D. Interpersonal Relations Theory
Answer: A
Rationale: Leininger developed the Transcultural Nursing theory focused on culture care
diversity and universality.
8. Which of Hildegard Peplau’s phases involves the patient seeking professional
assistance for a problem?
A. Orientation
B. Exploitation
C. Resolution
D. Identification
Answer: A
Rationale: The orientation phase is the initial phase where the patient seeks help and the
nurse helps the patient recognize the problem.
