NUR 108 Exam 1 – Study Guide and Exam Review Material
Hyperplasia - correct answer ✔✔increase in tissue size by increase in number of cells
hypertrophy - correct answer ✔✔increase in cell size (enlarged cells)
Dysplasia - correct answer ✔✔abnormal development (size, shape, or annangement) of cells
before malignant
progression of cancer - correct answer ✔✔normal> hyperplasia>dysplasia>cancer
Neoplasia - correct answer ✔✔the new and abnormal development of cells not needed for
normal body cell growth or replacement of dead or missing tissue... that may be benign or
malignant
neoplasm - correct answer ✔✔synonymous with tumor and undetermined until full diagnosis
then full name
anaplasia - correct answer ✔✔lack of differentiation or without shape... lose specific
appearance of parent cell= poorly differentiated
ex:better if prognosis has breast tissue that still resembles breast cells = more able to figure out
primary origin over anaplasis (nondescript overgrowth)
metastasis - correct answer ✔✔The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
*if lung cancer spreads to brain, is still considered lung cancer and to be treated with lung
cancer-specific chemotherapy
,common sites of metastasis - correct answer ✔✔lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, bones
forms of metastasis (3) - correct answer ✔✔local seeding: shedding in local area. (ex ovarian ca)
bloodborne metastasis: blood vessels penetration> tumor becomes bloodborne> circulation
thruout blood
lymphatic spread: primary sites rich in lymph nodes (ex. neck and head) spread easier
Benign vs. Malignant - correct answer ✔✔local: invasive
cohesive: no cohesive
well-defined boarders: don't stop at tissue boarder (anaplasia)
pushes tissues away: invades and destroys
slow and normal mitosis: rapid and erratic w/ many mitosis
encapsulated: metastasizes to distant sites
easily removed: not easy removal
no recurring: recurring
Oncogenes - correct answer ✔✔genes that promote cell proliferation and capable of triggering
cancerous characteristics
*stress or exposure to certain carcinogens decreases the body's immune surveillance and
abnormal gene gets activated by the stress
-stress also decreases effectiveness of T cells (spec NKCs which ID pathogens & mutated cells
and present to B cells to phagocytocize)
, adenoma - correct answer ✔✔benign tumor of a gland or epithelial cells
benign Somatroph adenoma causes - correct answer ✔✔acromegaly and gigantism
glioma - correct answer ✔✔a benign tumor of neuroglial cells in the brain
lipoma - correct answer ✔✔fatty tumor; benign
hemangioma - correct answer ✔✔benign tumor of dilated blood vessels
benign tumors good or bad? - correct answer ✔✔depends on location
adenoCARCINOMA - correct answer ✔✔cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
*cause of 30-35% of all lung cancer
GioBLASToma - correct answer ✔✔tumor of immature brain cells (glia) and most aggressive
form of brain cancer
liposarcoma - correct answer ✔✔malignant tumor of embryonal fat cells
hemangioendothelioblastoma - correct answer ✔✔neoplasm of epithelial cells that line blood
vessels
sarcoma - correct answer ✔✔soft tissue tumors
adeno - correct answer ✔✔epithelial gland
Hyperplasia - correct answer ✔✔increase in tissue size by increase in number of cells
hypertrophy - correct answer ✔✔increase in cell size (enlarged cells)
Dysplasia - correct answer ✔✔abnormal development (size, shape, or annangement) of cells
before malignant
progression of cancer - correct answer ✔✔normal> hyperplasia>dysplasia>cancer
Neoplasia - correct answer ✔✔the new and abnormal development of cells not needed for
normal body cell growth or replacement of dead or missing tissue... that may be benign or
malignant
neoplasm - correct answer ✔✔synonymous with tumor and undetermined until full diagnosis
then full name
anaplasia - correct answer ✔✔lack of differentiation or without shape... lose specific
appearance of parent cell= poorly differentiated
ex:better if prognosis has breast tissue that still resembles breast cells = more able to figure out
primary origin over anaplasis (nondescript overgrowth)
metastasis - correct answer ✔✔The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
*if lung cancer spreads to brain, is still considered lung cancer and to be treated with lung
cancer-specific chemotherapy
,common sites of metastasis - correct answer ✔✔lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, bones
forms of metastasis (3) - correct answer ✔✔local seeding: shedding in local area. (ex ovarian ca)
bloodborne metastasis: blood vessels penetration> tumor becomes bloodborne> circulation
thruout blood
lymphatic spread: primary sites rich in lymph nodes (ex. neck and head) spread easier
Benign vs. Malignant - correct answer ✔✔local: invasive
cohesive: no cohesive
well-defined boarders: don't stop at tissue boarder (anaplasia)
pushes tissues away: invades and destroys
slow and normal mitosis: rapid and erratic w/ many mitosis
encapsulated: metastasizes to distant sites
easily removed: not easy removal
no recurring: recurring
Oncogenes - correct answer ✔✔genes that promote cell proliferation and capable of triggering
cancerous characteristics
*stress or exposure to certain carcinogens decreases the body's immune surveillance and
abnormal gene gets activated by the stress
-stress also decreases effectiveness of T cells (spec NKCs which ID pathogens & mutated cells
and present to B cells to phagocytocize)
, adenoma - correct answer ✔✔benign tumor of a gland or epithelial cells
benign Somatroph adenoma causes - correct answer ✔✔acromegaly and gigantism
glioma - correct answer ✔✔a benign tumor of neuroglial cells in the brain
lipoma - correct answer ✔✔fatty tumor; benign
hemangioma - correct answer ✔✔benign tumor of dilated blood vessels
benign tumors good or bad? - correct answer ✔✔depends on location
adenoCARCINOMA - correct answer ✔✔cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
*cause of 30-35% of all lung cancer
GioBLASToma - correct answer ✔✔tumor of immature brain cells (glia) and most aggressive
form of brain cancer
liposarcoma - correct answer ✔✔malignant tumor of embryonal fat cells
hemangioendothelioblastoma - correct answer ✔✔neoplasm of epithelial cells that line blood
vessels
sarcoma - correct answer ✔✔soft tissue tumors
adeno - correct answer ✔✔epithelial gland
