NWTC Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam – Comprehensive Study Guide and Exam
Preparation Material
What are the three parts of a feedback system, and what do each of them do? - ✔✔1.
receptor: monitors the environment
•2. control center: determines set point, analyzes input from the receptor and sends output to
the effector
•3. effector: makes the adjustments necessary to restore homeostasis
Use the following words in an accurate sentence: umbilicus, coxal bone, lateral - ✔✔The coxal
bone is lateral to the umbilicus
Which abdominopelvic cavity quadrant contains the spleen? - ✔✔LUQ
Name 5 organs that are found in the ventral body cavity. - ✔✔Heart, lungs, stomach, liver,
bladder, etc.
A 10% NaCl solution and a 20% NaCl solution are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
Which way will water move? What do we call the movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane? - ✔✔Toward the 20% solution; osmosis
Name the four most abundant elements in the human body. - ✔✔Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen
A deficiency of which element would probably cause a defiency in the production of
hemoglobin? - ✔✔iron
, The human body stores carbohydrates as ___? - ✔✔Glycogen
What type of chemical bonds form between the two strands of a DNA molecule? -
✔✔hydrogen bonds
What type of compound releases a hydrogen ion (proton) when dissolved in water? - ✔✔an
acid
What compound is made of a glycerol and three fatty acids? - ✔✔A triglyceride
What are the two major lipids found in the plasma membrane? - ✔✔Phospholipids and
cholesterol
Cell junctions that allow nutrients and ions to move between adjacent cells are called ___? -
✔✔Gap junctions
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to an osmotic
gradient is called ____? - ✔✔osmosis
"Cell eating" is called ____? - ✔✔Phagocytosis
Describe how the sodium-potassium pump works. - ✔✔It is active transport (requires ATP)
that moves both sodium and potassium against their gradients. It moves 3 sodium ions out of
the cell and moves 2 potassium ions into the cell.
What is the function the ribosomes? - ✔✔protein synthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ✔✔ATP production by aerobic respiration.
Preparation Material
What are the three parts of a feedback system, and what do each of them do? - ✔✔1.
receptor: monitors the environment
•2. control center: determines set point, analyzes input from the receptor and sends output to
the effector
•3. effector: makes the adjustments necessary to restore homeostasis
Use the following words in an accurate sentence: umbilicus, coxal bone, lateral - ✔✔The coxal
bone is lateral to the umbilicus
Which abdominopelvic cavity quadrant contains the spleen? - ✔✔LUQ
Name 5 organs that are found in the ventral body cavity. - ✔✔Heart, lungs, stomach, liver,
bladder, etc.
A 10% NaCl solution and a 20% NaCl solution are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
Which way will water move? What do we call the movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane? - ✔✔Toward the 20% solution; osmosis
Name the four most abundant elements in the human body. - ✔✔Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen
A deficiency of which element would probably cause a defiency in the production of
hemoglobin? - ✔✔iron
, The human body stores carbohydrates as ___? - ✔✔Glycogen
What type of chemical bonds form between the two strands of a DNA molecule? -
✔✔hydrogen bonds
What type of compound releases a hydrogen ion (proton) when dissolved in water? - ✔✔an
acid
What compound is made of a glycerol and three fatty acids? - ✔✔A triglyceride
What are the two major lipids found in the plasma membrane? - ✔✔Phospholipids and
cholesterol
Cell junctions that allow nutrients and ions to move between adjacent cells are called ___? -
✔✔Gap junctions
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to an osmotic
gradient is called ____? - ✔✔osmosis
"Cell eating" is called ____? - ✔✔Phagocytosis
Describe how the sodium-potassium pump works. - ✔✔It is active transport (requires ATP)
that moves both sodium and potassium against their gradients. It moves 3 sodium ions out of
the cell and moves 2 potassium ions into the cell.
What is the function the ribosomes? - ✔✔protein synthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ✔✔ATP production by aerobic respiration.
