Applied Pharmacology for the Dental
Hygienist: Chapter 7 & 8 updated 2026
• mixed infection -✓✓infection caused by two or more organisms including gram positive
and gram negative organisms
• Penicillin -✓✓What is the antibiotic of choice to use in dentistry?
• Clindamycin -✓✓What is the antibiotic of choice if the patient is allergic to penicillin?
• Antiinfective agents -✓✓Substances that act against or destroy infections
• antibacterial agents -✓✓drugs used to treat bacterial diseases
• antibiotic agents -✓✓agents that destroy or stop the growth of microorganisms
• Antifungal agents -✓✓Substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication
of fungi
• antiviral agents -✓✓substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of
viruses
• 1. virulence
2. number of organisms present
3. resistance to the host (immunologic response) -✓✓What three factors determine the
likelihood that a microorganism will cause an infection?
• antibiotic resistance -✓✓the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic
• NUG, periodontal abscess, localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis -
✓✓Conditions indicated for the use of antibiotics when treating periodontal diseases
• prophylactic antiobiotic use -✓✓the use of antibiotics before dental treatment in
patients who have a history of infective endocarditis, congential heart disease, joint or
heart valve replacements .
• A superinfection results from -✓✓decrease in most normal flora with overgrowth of an
unaffected species.
• Penicllins and cephalosporins -✓✓Which antibiotics have a higher incidence of allergic
reactions?
, • oral contraceptives, oral anticoagulants (vitamin K inhibitors) -✓✓What major drug
interactions can occur with antibiotics?
• International Normalized Ratio (INR) -✓✓Blood coagulation test; commonly performed
on patients taking anticoagulants (i.e. coumadin/warfarin)
• Erythromycin -✓✓Which antibiotic has the highest incidence of GI complaints?
• Tetracycline -✓✓Which antibiotics are contraindicated during pregnancy?
• Penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin -✓✓Which antibiotics are safe to use during
pregnancy?
• Penicillins -✓✓Group of antibiotics known as B-lactum antibiotics; divided into four
groups (G and V, penicillinase-resistant, amoxicillin, and extended spectrum)
• orally or parenterally -✓✓What routes of administration can be penicillin be
administered?
• penicillin V -✓✓Which penicillin is used more often due its better absorption for oral
administration?
• 2.5 hours -✓✓Approximately how long does it take for penicillin to be eliminated from
the body?
• It destroys the cell wall and leads to lysis -✓✓How does penicillin affect a cell?
• rapidly growing -✓✓Are penicillins more effective against slow or rapidly growing
organisms?
• anaphylactic reactions, rash, delayed serum sickness, oral lesions -✓✓What are some
adverse reactions of penicillins?
• Beta blockers -✓✓Anaphylactic reactions are more frequent in patients first treated
with what medication prior to taking oral penicillin?
• black hairy tongue, glossitis, severe stomatitis, cheilosis -✓✓What are some oral
conditions that occur as a reaction to penicillin?
• Penicillin G -✓✓This penicillin is available as sodium, potassium, procaine, or
benzathine salts
• Penicillin VK -✓✓type of penicillin preferred for oral dose due to high absorption rate
Hygienist: Chapter 7 & 8 updated 2026
• mixed infection -✓✓infection caused by two or more organisms including gram positive
and gram negative organisms
• Penicillin -✓✓What is the antibiotic of choice to use in dentistry?
• Clindamycin -✓✓What is the antibiotic of choice if the patient is allergic to penicillin?
• Antiinfective agents -✓✓Substances that act against or destroy infections
• antibacterial agents -✓✓drugs used to treat bacterial diseases
• antibiotic agents -✓✓agents that destroy or stop the growth of microorganisms
• Antifungal agents -✓✓Substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication
of fungi
• antiviral agents -✓✓substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of
viruses
• 1. virulence
2. number of organisms present
3. resistance to the host (immunologic response) -✓✓What three factors determine the
likelihood that a microorganism will cause an infection?
• antibiotic resistance -✓✓the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic
• NUG, periodontal abscess, localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis -
✓✓Conditions indicated for the use of antibiotics when treating periodontal diseases
• prophylactic antiobiotic use -✓✓the use of antibiotics before dental treatment in
patients who have a history of infective endocarditis, congential heart disease, joint or
heart valve replacements .
• A superinfection results from -✓✓decrease in most normal flora with overgrowth of an
unaffected species.
• Penicllins and cephalosporins -✓✓Which antibiotics have a higher incidence of allergic
reactions?
, • oral contraceptives, oral anticoagulants (vitamin K inhibitors) -✓✓What major drug
interactions can occur with antibiotics?
• International Normalized Ratio (INR) -✓✓Blood coagulation test; commonly performed
on patients taking anticoagulants (i.e. coumadin/warfarin)
• Erythromycin -✓✓Which antibiotic has the highest incidence of GI complaints?
• Tetracycline -✓✓Which antibiotics are contraindicated during pregnancy?
• Penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin -✓✓Which antibiotics are safe to use during
pregnancy?
• Penicillins -✓✓Group of antibiotics known as B-lactum antibiotics; divided into four
groups (G and V, penicillinase-resistant, amoxicillin, and extended spectrum)
• orally or parenterally -✓✓What routes of administration can be penicillin be
administered?
• penicillin V -✓✓Which penicillin is used more often due its better absorption for oral
administration?
• 2.5 hours -✓✓Approximately how long does it take for penicillin to be eliminated from
the body?
• It destroys the cell wall and leads to lysis -✓✓How does penicillin affect a cell?
• rapidly growing -✓✓Are penicillins more effective against slow or rapidly growing
organisms?
• anaphylactic reactions, rash, delayed serum sickness, oral lesions -✓✓What are some
adverse reactions of penicillins?
• Beta blockers -✓✓Anaphylactic reactions are more frequent in patients first treated
with what medication prior to taking oral penicillin?
• black hairy tongue, glossitis, severe stomatitis, cheilosis -✓✓What are some oral
conditions that occur as a reaction to penicillin?
• Penicillin G -✓✓This penicillin is available as sodium, potassium, procaine, or
benzathine salts
• Penicillin VK -✓✓type of penicillin preferred for oral dose due to high absorption rate
