Pharmacology Midterm Exam Actual Questions And Correct Detailed Answers 2026
New Edition
7 of 10In the development, testing, and approval of a new
Does the medication appear to have a clinical effect when subjected to a double-blind clnical trial?
medication, which of the following best describes the question that
is being asked in phase 3 testing?Does the medication appear to
have a clinical effect when subjected to a double-blind clinical
trial?What is the drug's PK in healthy volunteers?What are the
results of post-marketing surveillance?How does the medication
work in laboratory animals?
A 20-year-old woman requests information about hormonal
Levonorgesrel optimally should be used as soon as possible post coitus, but is likely helpful in
emergency contraception using levonorgestrel after having
reducing pregnancy risk when used as long as 72 hours post intercourse.
unprotected sexual intercourse approximately 18 hours ago.Today is
day 12of her normally 27-29 day menstrual cycle.You respond that:
All forms of hormonal emergency contraception use reduce the
risk of pregnancy by approximately 33% if taken at this point.
Hormonal emergency contraceptive must be used within 12 hours of
intercourse or it is ineffective.
The likelihood of pregnancy is minimal and emergency
contraception is not indicated.
Levonorgestrel optimally should be used as soon as
possible post coitus, but is likely helpful in reducing pregnancy
risk when used as long as 72 hours post
intercourse.
,A 22-year-old female is being treated in-office for a moderate Oxygen saturation >85% on controlled oxygen therapy.
asthma flare. Before considering discharge,
all of the following criteria should be achieved except:
Symptoms improving without the use of a SABA.
PEF improving to>60-80% predicted/personal best.
Oxygen saturation>85% on controlled oxygen therapy.
Resources are deemed adequate at home.
A 32-year-old male with asthma that is currently being treated with Switch to medium-or high-dose ICS plus LABA.
low-dose ICS plus a LABA requires
intensification of therapy to Step 4 per EPR guidelines.
The preferred regimen would include:
Addition of theophylline to current regimen.
Replace the ICS with a leukotriene modifier.
Switch to medium-or high-dose ICS plus LABA.
Switch the LABA for a LAMA.
A 32-year-old man with asthma and is being treated with a LABA Very poorly controlled.
has an Asthma Control Test score of 14 at
his most recent follow-up visit. This would suggest that his asthma is:
Well controlled.
Controlled.
Not well controlled.
Very poorly controlled.
A 37-year-old woman with a history of migraines Frovatriptan
requests a migraine treatment. She describes that her migraines tend
to develop slowly and will last several
hours.The NP recommends which of the following triptans?
Sumatriptan
Frovatriptan
Zolmitriptan
Any triptan will be effective as they have similar
pharmacokinetics
A 42-year-old man is taking indinavir for HIV infection.He mentions St. John's wort will decrease the effectiveness of the antiviral.
that he wishes to start taking St. John's wort to help with some
depression he has been feeling
lately.The NP advises:
The indinavir dose will likely need to be decreased.
St. John's wort will have no impact on the effectiveness of the antiviral.
St.John's wort will decrease the effectiveness of the antiviral.
St. John's wort is contraindicated with the use of indinavir.
, Consider the use of a local or vaginal hormone therapy.
A 52-year-old woman who is 15 months post last menstrual period
presents with a chief complaint of vaginal dryness with intermittent
dysuria and vaginal itch. Her examination and evaluation reveals
urogenital atrophy, with no evidence of urinary tract infection or
candida vaginitis. She has used vaginal lubricants with sexual
activity,has had limited improvement with this intervention, and has
infrequent vasomotor symptoms that she characterizes as not that
bothersome.Keeping in mind the North American Menopause Society's
Position Statement,the clinician advises the patient to:
Increase the amount of lubricant she uses.
Start on oral postmenopause hormone therapy.
Consider the use of a local or vaginal hormone therapy.
Apply an antifungal cream prophylactically.
Decrease the warfarin dose by 25% for the duration of antimicrobial therapy
A 57-year-old woman with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage and
who is taking warfarin requires treatment with metronidazole.Aside
from close clinical monitoring and periodic checking of INR, the NP
considers which of the following adjustments to
therapy?
Increase the warfarin dose by 50% for the duration of antimicrobial
therapy
Decrease the warfarin dose by 25% for the duration of
antimicrobial therapy
Discontinue the use of warfarin forthe duration of
antimicrobial therapy
Initiate vitamin K 10 mg per day for the duration of
antimicrobial therapy
A 63-year-old man with a history of ventricular arrhythmia is
Moxifloxacin
diagnosed with community-acquired
pneumonia.Which of the following oral medications
should be avoided due to the risk of QT prolongation?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Doxycycline
Cefuroxime
Moxifloxacin
A 68-year-old woman with hypertension and currently on Hypokalemia.
hydrochlorothiazide has started treatment for
pernicious anemia today.During the first 4 weeks of
therapy,she should be carefully monitored for:
Hyponatremia.
Hypercalcemia.
Hypokalemia.
Polycythemia.
, The AIC goal for older adults with diabetes mellitus who =8.0%.
are frail or with limited life expectancy is:
= 6.5%.
= 7.0%.
=8.0%.
=9.0%.
According to Hale's Lactation Risk Category,a L4.
medication in which there is evidence of risk for its use
in lactation but may be used if there is a maternal life-threatening
situation is assigned category:
L2.
L3.
L4.
L5.
According to NAEPP EPR Guidelines, which of the following is not Some limitation of normal activities
characteristic of well-controlled
asthma?
Some limitation of normal activities
SABA use 2 or fewer times per week
FEV1>80% predicted/personal best
Symptoms observed in 2 or fewer days per week
According to Position Statement of the North American Treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms.
Menopause Society, the primary indication for post-
menopausal hormone therapy is:
Treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Cardiovascular disease rate reduction.
Treatment of sexual dysfunction.
According to results from the Women's Health Initiative Hip fracture.
(WHI), the use of postmenopausal estrogen/progestin
hormone therapy was associated with a decreased risk
for:
Hip fracture.
Stroke.
Breast cancer.
Coronary heart disease.
According to the American Diabetes Association Discouraged for individuals admitted to the hospital and in the outpatient setting.
Standards of Diabetes Care, the use of sliding-scale
insulin therapy to treat hyperglycemia is:
Discouraged for individuals admitted to the hospital and in the
outpatient setting.
Appropriate for inpatient and outpatient management.
A viable option for ICU patients but less so in the general medical ward.
Only useful for patients who are not taking another
antihyperglycemic medication.
New Edition
7 of 10In the development, testing, and approval of a new
Does the medication appear to have a clinical effect when subjected to a double-blind clnical trial?
medication, which of the following best describes the question that
is being asked in phase 3 testing?Does the medication appear to
have a clinical effect when subjected to a double-blind clinical
trial?What is the drug's PK in healthy volunteers?What are the
results of post-marketing surveillance?How does the medication
work in laboratory animals?
A 20-year-old woman requests information about hormonal
Levonorgesrel optimally should be used as soon as possible post coitus, but is likely helpful in
emergency contraception using levonorgestrel after having
reducing pregnancy risk when used as long as 72 hours post intercourse.
unprotected sexual intercourse approximately 18 hours ago.Today is
day 12of her normally 27-29 day menstrual cycle.You respond that:
All forms of hormonal emergency contraception use reduce the
risk of pregnancy by approximately 33% if taken at this point.
Hormonal emergency contraceptive must be used within 12 hours of
intercourse or it is ineffective.
The likelihood of pregnancy is minimal and emergency
contraception is not indicated.
Levonorgestrel optimally should be used as soon as
possible post coitus, but is likely helpful in reducing pregnancy
risk when used as long as 72 hours post
intercourse.
,A 22-year-old female is being treated in-office for a moderate Oxygen saturation >85% on controlled oxygen therapy.
asthma flare. Before considering discharge,
all of the following criteria should be achieved except:
Symptoms improving without the use of a SABA.
PEF improving to>60-80% predicted/personal best.
Oxygen saturation>85% on controlled oxygen therapy.
Resources are deemed adequate at home.
A 32-year-old male with asthma that is currently being treated with Switch to medium-or high-dose ICS plus LABA.
low-dose ICS plus a LABA requires
intensification of therapy to Step 4 per EPR guidelines.
The preferred regimen would include:
Addition of theophylline to current regimen.
Replace the ICS with a leukotriene modifier.
Switch to medium-or high-dose ICS plus LABA.
Switch the LABA for a LAMA.
A 32-year-old man with asthma and is being treated with a LABA Very poorly controlled.
has an Asthma Control Test score of 14 at
his most recent follow-up visit. This would suggest that his asthma is:
Well controlled.
Controlled.
Not well controlled.
Very poorly controlled.
A 37-year-old woman with a history of migraines Frovatriptan
requests a migraine treatment. She describes that her migraines tend
to develop slowly and will last several
hours.The NP recommends which of the following triptans?
Sumatriptan
Frovatriptan
Zolmitriptan
Any triptan will be effective as they have similar
pharmacokinetics
A 42-year-old man is taking indinavir for HIV infection.He mentions St. John's wort will decrease the effectiveness of the antiviral.
that he wishes to start taking St. John's wort to help with some
depression he has been feeling
lately.The NP advises:
The indinavir dose will likely need to be decreased.
St. John's wort will have no impact on the effectiveness of the antiviral.
St.John's wort will decrease the effectiveness of the antiviral.
St. John's wort is contraindicated with the use of indinavir.
, Consider the use of a local or vaginal hormone therapy.
A 52-year-old woman who is 15 months post last menstrual period
presents with a chief complaint of vaginal dryness with intermittent
dysuria and vaginal itch. Her examination and evaluation reveals
urogenital atrophy, with no evidence of urinary tract infection or
candida vaginitis. She has used vaginal lubricants with sexual
activity,has had limited improvement with this intervention, and has
infrequent vasomotor symptoms that she characterizes as not that
bothersome.Keeping in mind the North American Menopause Society's
Position Statement,the clinician advises the patient to:
Increase the amount of lubricant she uses.
Start on oral postmenopause hormone therapy.
Consider the use of a local or vaginal hormone therapy.
Apply an antifungal cream prophylactically.
Decrease the warfarin dose by 25% for the duration of antimicrobial therapy
A 57-year-old woman with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage and
who is taking warfarin requires treatment with metronidazole.Aside
from close clinical monitoring and periodic checking of INR, the NP
considers which of the following adjustments to
therapy?
Increase the warfarin dose by 50% for the duration of antimicrobial
therapy
Decrease the warfarin dose by 25% for the duration of
antimicrobial therapy
Discontinue the use of warfarin forthe duration of
antimicrobial therapy
Initiate vitamin K 10 mg per day for the duration of
antimicrobial therapy
A 63-year-old man with a history of ventricular arrhythmia is
Moxifloxacin
diagnosed with community-acquired
pneumonia.Which of the following oral medications
should be avoided due to the risk of QT prolongation?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Doxycycline
Cefuroxime
Moxifloxacin
A 68-year-old woman with hypertension and currently on Hypokalemia.
hydrochlorothiazide has started treatment for
pernicious anemia today.During the first 4 weeks of
therapy,she should be carefully monitored for:
Hyponatremia.
Hypercalcemia.
Hypokalemia.
Polycythemia.
, The AIC goal for older adults with diabetes mellitus who =8.0%.
are frail or with limited life expectancy is:
= 6.5%.
= 7.0%.
=8.0%.
=9.0%.
According to Hale's Lactation Risk Category,a L4.
medication in which there is evidence of risk for its use
in lactation but may be used if there is a maternal life-threatening
situation is assigned category:
L2.
L3.
L4.
L5.
According to NAEPP EPR Guidelines, which of the following is not Some limitation of normal activities
characteristic of well-controlled
asthma?
Some limitation of normal activities
SABA use 2 or fewer times per week
FEV1>80% predicted/personal best
Symptoms observed in 2 or fewer days per week
According to Position Statement of the North American Treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms.
Menopause Society, the primary indication for post-
menopausal hormone therapy is:
Treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Cardiovascular disease rate reduction.
Treatment of sexual dysfunction.
According to results from the Women's Health Initiative Hip fracture.
(WHI), the use of postmenopausal estrogen/progestin
hormone therapy was associated with a decreased risk
for:
Hip fracture.
Stroke.
Breast cancer.
Coronary heart disease.
According to the American Diabetes Association Discouraged for individuals admitted to the hospital and in the outpatient setting.
Standards of Diabetes Care, the use of sliding-scale
insulin therapy to treat hyperglycemia is:
Discouraged for individuals admitted to the hospital and in the
outpatient setting.
Appropriate for inpatient and outpatient management.
A viable option for ICU patients but less so in the general medical ward.
Only useful for patients who are not taking another
antihyperglycemic medication.
