BIO 182 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
what are the patterns of biodiversity? - Correct Answers -adaptation (animals adapting
over time)
radiation (one species branches off into two different species)
extinction
describe innovation in regards with it being one of the causes of adaptive radiation -
Correct Answers -innovation- novel phenotypes expand or create niches - when the
environment changes, the niche expands
examples of major life innovations - Correct Answers -origin of life, genetic code (highly
impropable that our genetic code is first genetic code- through natural selection),
prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell, multicellular bodies, terrestrial bodies, human
intelligence, complex socieities
others: use of oxygen metabolism, movement, photosynthesis, nervous systems
communication
describe colonization and what is it a cause of - Correct Answers -cause of adaptive
radiation...
it is the invasion of new regions which promotes diversification
describe an example of colonization - Correct Answers -bacteria being transported
creates diversification and it can happen on different levels of population
how does diversification among and within islands relate to colonization? - Correct
Answers -multiple species of family of lizards inhabit the islands, but all have very
different niches (this type of niche diversification leads to speciation, evidence of
adaptive radiation can be seen in these lizards)
true or false: Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) was a major discovery because she had
both a human-like pelvis and a very large brain. - Correct Answers -False.she had a
very small brain
T or F. Tropical rainforests are characterized by high levels of temperature and
precipitation. - Correct Answers -true!
,T or F. The Bonobo chimpanzee is the closest living relative of Homo sapiens. - Correct
Answers -True
Which of the following is not an essential property of life?
proteins, metabolism, reproduction, or evolution - Correct Answers -proteins
True or False. Cultural evolution is the genetic change in human populations that leads
to the formation of a society. - Correct Answers -False...not a genetic process
Which of the following properties is not necessary for the evolution of culture? - Correct
Answers -Genetic differences among social individuals
T or F. Biologists currently believe that the first form of life contained DNA. - Correct
Answers -false
T or F. The fossil referred to as Tiktaalak is likely the oldest tetrapod to have walked on
land. - Correct Answers -False
Skin color varies systematically along latitudinal clines (darker skin tends to occur in
humans closer to the tropics). What statement does not support this phenomenon? -
Correct Answers -UV radiation is less intense at low latitudes.
T or F. neandrathals had a brain that was closer in size to the brain of a chimp then it
was to the brain of a modern human - Correct Answers -False
some biologists believe that human intelligence resulted from selection for the ability to
chose mates wisely. what type of evidence would NOT support this hypothesis - Correct
Answers -females are more likely than males to seek multiple mates
T or F: most of the information in the current genetic code lies in the first two
nucleotides - Correct Answers -TRUE
T or F: rates of mutation tend to increase with increasing temperature - Correct Answers
-true
Dan Janzen proposed a model to explain why the majority of the species are found in
the tropics. what factor would not support this model? - Correct Answers -tropical
species experiences lower rates of extinction than do temperate species
mass extinctions seem to occur periodically (approx one every 25 milli years) which of
the following best explains this phenomenon? - Correct Answers -large meteor impacts
keeping colonization in mind, is the twig lizard (Anolis) more closely related in
comparison to the other species of Anolis' on the same island or the other twig Anolis'
on a different island - Correct Answers -same island lizards
, define extinction - Correct Answers -loss of species which ultimately enables other
species to diversify
how does extinction actually allow diversity? explain an example of this. - Correct
Answers -when species are lost, niches open up and allow other lineages to persist and
diversify
ex: opening of niche by dinosaurs allowed the mammals to rise to the top
what is the megazostrodon and how does it relate to extinction diversity? - Correct
Answers -a small rat like mammal--> when dinosaurs became extinct, it gave this
species of mammal an advantage to diversify and this is where the rise of mammals
originated
adaptive radiation follows what type of extinction? - Correct Answers -mass
what are a few other causes of adaptive radiation? - Correct Answers -changes in
environment (selective pressures for new traits) and species that become separated in
space (plate tectonics, islands)
define fossils - Correct Answers -preserved remains of ancient organisms which tell us
about body form, where they lived and how they lived
how can you tell the ages of rocks? - Correct Answers -by comparing them with other
rocks
sedimentary rocks - Correct Answers -rocks formed by the accumulation of grains on
the bottom of bodies of water
what is another term for a layer of rock? - Correct Answers -strata
-oldest strata is at the bottom and get younger as the layers get higher up
T or F: fossils of similar organisms are found in widely separated places on earth -
Correct Answers -true
would organisms found in higher more recent strata be more similar to modern/current
organisms than ones found in older strata? - Correct Answers -yes
half-life - Correct Answers -time it takes for half of the remaining radioactive material on
the radioisoptope to decay and become a different stable isotope
telling age of rocks by the pattern in Earth's magnetism- rocks show where magnetic
field was at time of formation - Correct Answers -paleomagnetic dating
what is plate tectonics? - Correct Answers -study of the movement of major land
masses
ANSWERS
what are the patterns of biodiversity? - Correct Answers -adaptation (animals adapting
over time)
radiation (one species branches off into two different species)
extinction
describe innovation in regards with it being one of the causes of adaptive radiation -
Correct Answers -innovation- novel phenotypes expand or create niches - when the
environment changes, the niche expands
examples of major life innovations - Correct Answers -origin of life, genetic code (highly
impropable that our genetic code is first genetic code- through natural selection),
prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell, multicellular bodies, terrestrial bodies, human
intelligence, complex socieities
others: use of oxygen metabolism, movement, photosynthesis, nervous systems
communication
describe colonization and what is it a cause of - Correct Answers -cause of adaptive
radiation...
it is the invasion of new regions which promotes diversification
describe an example of colonization - Correct Answers -bacteria being transported
creates diversification and it can happen on different levels of population
how does diversification among and within islands relate to colonization? - Correct
Answers -multiple species of family of lizards inhabit the islands, but all have very
different niches (this type of niche diversification leads to speciation, evidence of
adaptive radiation can be seen in these lizards)
true or false: Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) was a major discovery because she had
both a human-like pelvis and a very large brain. - Correct Answers -False.she had a
very small brain
T or F. Tropical rainforests are characterized by high levels of temperature and
precipitation. - Correct Answers -true!
,T or F. The Bonobo chimpanzee is the closest living relative of Homo sapiens. - Correct
Answers -True
Which of the following is not an essential property of life?
proteins, metabolism, reproduction, or evolution - Correct Answers -proteins
True or False. Cultural evolution is the genetic change in human populations that leads
to the formation of a society. - Correct Answers -False...not a genetic process
Which of the following properties is not necessary for the evolution of culture? - Correct
Answers -Genetic differences among social individuals
T or F. Biologists currently believe that the first form of life contained DNA. - Correct
Answers -false
T or F. The fossil referred to as Tiktaalak is likely the oldest tetrapod to have walked on
land. - Correct Answers -False
Skin color varies systematically along latitudinal clines (darker skin tends to occur in
humans closer to the tropics). What statement does not support this phenomenon? -
Correct Answers -UV radiation is less intense at low latitudes.
T or F. neandrathals had a brain that was closer in size to the brain of a chimp then it
was to the brain of a modern human - Correct Answers -False
some biologists believe that human intelligence resulted from selection for the ability to
chose mates wisely. what type of evidence would NOT support this hypothesis - Correct
Answers -females are more likely than males to seek multiple mates
T or F: most of the information in the current genetic code lies in the first two
nucleotides - Correct Answers -TRUE
T or F: rates of mutation tend to increase with increasing temperature - Correct Answers
-true
Dan Janzen proposed a model to explain why the majority of the species are found in
the tropics. what factor would not support this model? - Correct Answers -tropical
species experiences lower rates of extinction than do temperate species
mass extinctions seem to occur periodically (approx one every 25 milli years) which of
the following best explains this phenomenon? - Correct Answers -large meteor impacts
keeping colonization in mind, is the twig lizard (Anolis) more closely related in
comparison to the other species of Anolis' on the same island or the other twig Anolis'
on a different island - Correct Answers -same island lizards
, define extinction - Correct Answers -loss of species which ultimately enables other
species to diversify
how does extinction actually allow diversity? explain an example of this. - Correct
Answers -when species are lost, niches open up and allow other lineages to persist and
diversify
ex: opening of niche by dinosaurs allowed the mammals to rise to the top
what is the megazostrodon and how does it relate to extinction diversity? - Correct
Answers -a small rat like mammal--> when dinosaurs became extinct, it gave this
species of mammal an advantage to diversify and this is where the rise of mammals
originated
adaptive radiation follows what type of extinction? - Correct Answers -mass
what are a few other causes of adaptive radiation? - Correct Answers -changes in
environment (selective pressures for new traits) and species that become separated in
space (plate tectonics, islands)
define fossils - Correct Answers -preserved remains of ancient organisms which tell us
about body form, where they lived and how they lived
how can you tell the ages of rocks? - Correct Answers -by comparing them with other
rocks
sedimentary rocks - Correct Answers -rocks formed by the accumulation of grains on
the bottom of bodies of water
what is another term for a layer of rock? - Correct Answers -strata
-oldest strata is at the bottom and get younger as the layers get higher up
T or F: fossils of similar organisms are found in widely separated places on earth -
Correct Answers -true
would organisms found in higher more recent strata be more similar to modern/current
organisms than ones found in older strata? - Correct Answers -yes
half-life - Correct Answers -time it takes for half of the remaining radioactive material on
the radioisoptope to decay and become a different stable isotope
telling age of rocks by the pattern in Earth's magnetism- rocks show where magnetic
field was at time of formation - Correct Answers -paleomagnetic dating
what is plate tectonics? - Correct Answers -study of the movement of major land
masses
