NU 325 Health Assessment Exam 3 questions and
answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
Precordium
- correct answer area on the anterior chest wall directly overlying the heart and great vessels
Pericardium
- correct answer tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart
Pericardial sac
- correct answer contains a few ml of serous pericardial fluid. Ensures smooth, friction-free movement
of the heart muscle.
Myocardium
- correct answer muscular, middle layer of the heart
Endocardium
- correct answer thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and
valves
Mediastinum
- correct answer middle section of thoracic cavity containing esophagus, trachea, heart, and great
vessels
Where is the base of the heart located?
- correct answer 2nd intercostal space right and left of the sternum
Where is apex of the heart located?
- correct answer 4th or 5th ICS, midclavicular line on the left side of the chest
,Track blood circulation through the heart
- correct answer Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava--> RA-->Tricuspid
valve--> RV--> pulmonary semilunar valve--> pulmonary artery--> pulmonic circulation (lungs)--> lungs
back to heart--> LA--> mitral/bicuspid valve--> LV--> aortic semilunar valve--> from heart to body via
aorta--> aortic arch
What is the difference between circulation in a newborn and an adult?
- correct answer Newborns don't use their lungs when in the womb. Oxygenation takes place at the
placenta, and the arterial blood is returned to the right side the fetal heart. no need to blood to go to
the lungs therefore, it is rerouted in 2 ways. About 2/3s of it is shunted through an opening in the atrial
septum, the foramen ovale, into the left side of the heart, where it is pumped through the aorta. The
rest of the oxygenated blood is pumped by the R side of the heart out through the pulmonary artery,
but it is detoured through the ductus arteriosus to the aorta.
What are the 2 atrioventricular valves?
- correct answer tricuspid and mitral
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
- correct answer between right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the mitral located?
- correct answer between left atrium and left ventricle
When do the AV valves open?
- correct answer During the hearts filling phase or diastole to allow the ventricles to fill with blood
When do the AV valves close?
- correct answer During systole- When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
Why do the AV valves close?
- correct answer To prevent regurgitation of blood back up into the atria.
What are the semilunar valves?
- correct answer pulmonary and aortic valves
, Each valve has
- correct answer 3 cusps that look like half moons
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
- correct answer between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the aortic valve located?
- correct answer between left ventricle and aorta
When do the semilunar valves open?
- correct answer during pumping, systole
What is systole?
- correct answer Contraction of the heart
What is diastole?
- correct answer Relaxation of the heart
Where can you find the apical pulse?
- correct answer 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line left of the chest
What does it mean if the apical pulse is displaced?
- correct answer It can signal cardiac distress. Displaced because the heart is enlarged
What is S3?
- correct answer Normally diastole is a silent event. it is A third heart sound caused when ventricular
filling creates vibrations that can be heard over the chest. It occurs when the venticles are resistant to
filling during the early rapid filling phase.
What is S4?
- correct answer Occurs at the end of diastole, when the ventricle is filling. The atria contracts and push
blood into a noncompliant ventricle. This causes vibrations that are heard just before S1.
answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
Precordium
- correct answer area on the anterior chest wall directly overlying the heart and great vessels
Pericardium
- correct answer tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart
Pericardial sac
- correct answer contains a few ml of serous pericardial fluid. Ensures smooth, friction-free movement
of the heart muscle.
Myocardium
- correct answer muscular, middle layer of the heart
Endocardium
- correct answer thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and
valves
Mediastinum
- correct answer middle section of thoracic cavity containing esophagus, trachea, heart, and great
vessels
Where is the base of the heart located?
- correct answer 2nd intercostal space right and left of the sternum
Where is apex of the heart located?
- correct answer 4th or 5th ICS, midclavicular line on the left side of the chest
,Track blood circulation through the heart
- correct answer Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava--> RA-->Tricuspid
valve--> RV--> pulmonary semilunar valve--> pulmonary artery--> pulmonic circulation (lungs)--> lungs
back to heart--> LA--> mitral/bicuspid valve--> LV--> aortic semilunar valve--> from heart to body via
aorta--> aortic arch
What is the difference between circulation in a newborn and an adult?
- correct answer Newborns don't use their lungs when in the womb. Oxygenation takes place at the
placenta, and the arterial blood is returned to the right side the fetal heart. no need to blood to go to
the lungs therefore, it is rerouted in 2 ways. About 2/3s of it is shunted through an opening in the atrial
septum, the foramen ovale, into the left side of the heart, where it is pumped through the aorta. The
rest of the oxygenated blood is pumped by the R side of the heart out through the pulmonary artery,
but it is detoured through the ductus arteriosus to the aorta.
What are the 2 atrioventricular valves?
- correct answer tricuspid and mitral
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
- correct answer between right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the mitral located?
- correct answer between left atrium and left ventricle
When do the AV valves open?
- correct answer During the hearts filling phase or diastole to allow the ventricles to fill with blood
When do the AV valves close?
- correct answer During systole- When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
Why do the AV valves close?
- correct answer To prevent regurgitation of blood back up into the atria.
What are the semilunar valves?
- correct answer pulmonary and aortic valves
, Each valve has
- correct answer 3 cusps that look like half moons
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
- correct answer between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the aortic valve located?
- correct answer between left ventricle and aorta
When do the semilunar valves open?
- correct answer during pumping, systole
What is systole?
- correct answer Contraction of the heart
What is diastole?
- correct answer Relaxation of the heart
Where can you find the apical pulse?
- correct answer 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line left of the chest
What does it mean if the apical pulse is displaced?
- correct answer It can signal cardiac distress. Displaced because the heart is enlarged
What is S3?
- correct answer Normally diastole is a silent event. it is A third heart sound caused when ventricular
filling creates vibrations that can be heard over the chest. It occurs when the venticles are resistant to
filling during the early rapid filling phase.
What is S4?
- correct answer Occurs at the end of diastole, when the ventricle is filling. The atria contracts and push
blood into a noncompliant ventricle. This causes vibrations that are heard just before S1.
