BIOD 152 Portage Exam Module 1
Questions and Answers
Anatomy - ANSWER-The study of body structure
Physiology - ANSWER-The study of body function
These types of neurons are also called association neurons. - ANSWER-interneurons
_____ neurons send messages from the central nervous system to the peripheral. -
ANSWER-motor
neuroglia cells - ANSWER-support neurons
PNS neuroglia - ANSWER-satellite cells and schwann cells
true/false: axons can't regenerate in pns - ANSWER-false
true/false: myelin sheath is continuous and has no gaps - ANSWER-false
types of support neuroglial in cns - ANSWER-ependymal, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes,
microglial
ependymal cells - ANSWER-produce cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-insulation
Astrocytes - ANSWER-form blood brain barrier
microglial cells - ANSWER-remove waste products
action potential - ANSWER-a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down
an axon
steps of action potential - ANSWER-resting state, depolarization, repolarization,
hyperpolarization
Describe what happens to the charges on the axon cell membrane during depolarization
and what causes this to happen. - ANSWER-Sodium gates open and sodium rushes
into the axon and the inside becomes more positive than the outside causing the
membrane potential to become more positive.
, Describe what happens to the charges on the axon cell membrane during repolarization
and what causes this to happen. - ANSWER-The sodium gates close and potassium
gates open allowing potassium to rush out of the axon. This returns a negative charge
to the inside of the axon re-establishing the negative potential.
describe what happens during afterpolarization - ANSWER-The potassium gates that
open during repolarization are slow to close and there is an afterpolarization undershoot
of the potential.
What causes the difference in intensity of a sensation? - ANSWER-Due to the number
of neurons stimulated and the frequency with which they are stimulated.
True or False: An impulse from a neuron moves in both directions. - ANSWER-false
The function of the nervous system is to integrate and control the other body systems.
Explain how the nervous system does this - ANSWER-The nervous system receives
and processes information and sends out signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an
appropriate response. In this way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other
systems of the body.
2 parts of the nervous system - ANSWER-central nervous system and peripheral
nervous system
the brain is protected by - ANSWER-skull
the spine is protected by - ANSWER-vertebrae
collections of cell bodies in cns - ANSWER-nuclei
collection of nerve axons - ANSWER-tracts
PNS consists of - ANSWER-cranial and spinal nerves
collection of cell bodies in PNS - ANSWER-ganglia
collection of nerve axons in pns - ANSWER-nerves
divisions of pns - ANSWER-sensory and motor
sensory - ANSWER-afferent
motor - ANSWER-efferent
divisions of efferent division - ANSWER-somatic nervous system and autonomic
nervous system
Questions and Answers
Anatomy - ANSWER-The study of body structure
Physiology - ANSWER-The study of body function
These types of neurons are also called association neurons. - ANSWER-interneurons
_____ neurons send messages from the central nervous system to the peripheral. -
ANSWER-motor
neuroglia cells - ANSWER-support neurons
PNS neuroglia - ANSWER-satellite cells and schwann cells
true/false: axons can't regenerate in pns - ANSWER-false
true/false: myelin sheath is continuous and has no gaps - ANSWER-false
types of support neuroglial in cns - ANSWER-ependymal, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes,
microglial
ependymal cells - ANSWER-produce cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-insulation
Astrocytes - ANSWER-form blood brain barrier
microglial cells - ANSWER-remove waste products
action potential - ANSWER-a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down
an axon
steps of action potential - ANSWER-resting state, depolarization, repolarization,
hyperpolarization
Describe what happens to the charges on the axon cell membrane during depolarization
and what causes this to happen. - ANSWER-Sodium gates open and sodium rushes
into the axon and the inside becomes more positive than the outside causing the
membrane potential to become more positive.
, Describe what happens to the charges on the axon cell membrane during repolarization
and what causes this to happen. - ANSWER-The sodium gates close and potassium
gates open allowing potassium to rush out of the axon. This returns a negative charge
to the inside of the axon re-establishing the negative potential.
describe what happens during afterpolarization - ANSWER-The potassium gates that
open during repolarization are slow to close and there is an afterpolarization undershoot
of the potential.
What causes the difference in intensity of a sensation? - ANSWER-Due to the number
of neurons stimulated and the frequency with which they are stimulated.
True or False: An impulse from a neuron moves in both directions. - ANSWER-false
The function of the nervous system is to integrate and control the other body systems.
Explain how the nervous system does this - ANSWER-The nervous system receives
and processes information and sends out signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an
appropriate response. In this way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other
systems of the body.
2 parts of the nervous system - ANSWER-central nervous system and peripheral
nervous system
the brain is protected by - ANSWER-skull
the spine is protected by - ANSWER-vertebrae
collections of cell bodies in cns - ANSWER-nuclei
collection of nerve axons - ANSWER-tracts
PNS consists of - ANSWER-cranial and spinal nerves
collection of cell bodies in PNS - ANSWER-ganglia
collection of nerve axons in pns - ANSWER-nerves
divisions of pns - ANSWER-sensory and motor
sensory - ANSWER-afferent
motor - ANSWER-efferent
divisions of efferent division - ANSWER-somatic nervous system and autonomic
nervous system
