BIOD 152 Module 2 Exam with 100%
Correct Answers
List the four parts of the human brain - The human brain is made up of the cerebral
hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum
Describe the number, location and function of the brain ventricles - There are four
ventricles in the interior of the brain, chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid which is
produced there
Label the ventricles - see image
Describe the brain meninges and the layers - The meninges are three layers of
connective tissue membranes that cover and protect central nervous system organs
and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer
meninx. The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by
the subdural space. Beneath the arachnoid meninx is the subarachnoid space which
contains blood vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The inner pia mater meninx
is a thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain
What is the function of the choroid plexus? - produce cerebrospinal fluid
What is the blood-brain barrier and how is it maintained? - The blood-brain barrier is a
diffusion barrier which prevents most particles from entering the central nervous system
tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation. The
blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively impermeable brain capillaries, due to the
glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier is important to provide a
stable chemical environment for the nervous system. A stable internal environment is
important to protect neurons from chemical variations which could cause uncontrollable
firing of neurons
Describe the cerebrum - The cerebrum, the foremost part of the brain, is the largest part
of the brain in humans comprising about 83% of total brain mass
What is the median longitudinal fissure? - It separates the left and right cerebral
hemispheres from one another
Gryi - raised ridges on the cerebrum
Transverse fissure - separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
, cerebral cortex - outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres, highly convoluted and is
gray
What does visceral motor mean? What division of the nervous system contains visceral
motor nerves? - The nerves in the autonomic system are called visceral motor when
they control smooth muscles or involuntary functions
How many pairs of nerves do humans have and what do most of the them (except for
one) control? - Humans have 12 pairs of cranial nerves most of which control the head,
neck, and face
olfactory nerve - CN 1; sensory, sense of smell
optic nerve - CN 2; sensory, sense of sight
oculomotor nerve - CN 3; motor (somatic and visceral) eye movement, visceral motor=
pupil dilation
trochlear nerve - CN 4; somatic motor, eye movement
trigeminal nerve - CN 5; motor and sensory, chewing and sensation of face, nose, and
mouth
abducens nerve - CN 6; motor, eye movement
facial nerve - CN 7; somatic and visceral motor and sensory, facial expression and
sensation of tongue. Lacrimal, nasal mucous glands
vestibulocochlear nerve - CN 8; sensory, hearing and balance
glossopharyngeal nerve - CN 9; motor and sensory, swallowing and taste, visceral
motor= parotid salivary glands
vagus nerve - CN 10, motor and sensory, digestion, regulation of heart rate, sensation
of digestive tract
accessory nerve - CN 11, motor, rotation of the head and movement of upper shoulders
hypoglossal nerve - CN 12, motor, tongue movements
Locate where cranial nerves are - see image
List the 5 types of human spinal nerves - Humans have eight pairs of cervical (cranial)
nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral
nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves.
Correct Answers
List the four parts of the human brain - The human brain is made up of the cerebral
hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum
Describe the number, location and function of the brain ventricles - There are four
ventricles in the interior of the brain, chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid which is
produced there
Label the ventricles - see image
Describe the brain meninges and the layers - The meninges are three layers of
connective tissue membranes that cover and protect central nervous system organs
and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer
meninx. The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by
the subdural space. Beneath the arachnoid meninx is the subarachnoid space which
contains blood vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The inner pia mater meninx
is a thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain
What is the function of the choroid plexus? - produce cerebrospinal fluid
What is the blood-brain barrier and how is it maintained? - The blood-brain barrier is a
diffusion barrier which prevents most particles from entering the central nervous system
tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation. The
blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively impermeable brain capillaries, due to the
glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier is important to provide a
stable chemical environment for the nervous system. A stable internal environment is
important to protect neurons from chemical variations which could cause uncontrollable
firing of neurons
Describe the cerebrum - The cerebrum, the foremost part of the brain, is the largest part
of the brain in humans comprising about 83% of total brain mass
What is the median longitudinal fissure? - It separates the left and right cerebral
hemispheres from one another
Gryi - raised ridges on the cerebrum
Transverse fissure - separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
, cerebral cortex - outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres, highly convoluted and is
gray
What does visceral motor mean? What division of the nervous system contains visceral
motor nerves? - The nerves in the autonomic system are called visceral motor when
they control smooth muscles or involuntary functions
How many pairs of nerves do humans have and what do most of the them (except for
one) control? - Humans have 12 pairs of cranial nerves most of which control the head,
neck, and face
olfactory nerve - CN 1; sensory, sense of smell
optic nerve - CN 2; sensory, sense of sight
oculomotor nerve - CN 3; motor (somatic and visceral) eye movement, visceral motor=
pupil dilation
trochlear nerve - CN 4; somatic motor, eye movement
trigeminal nerve - CN 5; motor and sensory, chewing and sensation of face, nose, and
mouth
abducens nerve - CN 6; motor, eye movement
facial nerve - CN 7; somatic and visceral motor and sensory, facial expression and
sensation of tongue. Lacrimal, nasal mucous glands
vestibulocochlear nerve - CN 8; sensory, hearing and balance
glossopharyngeal nerve - CN 9; motor and sensory, swallowing and taste, visceral
motor= parotid salivary glands
vagus nerve - CN 10, motor and sensory, digestion, regulation of heart rate, sensation
of digestive tract
accessory nerve - CN 11, motor, rotation of the head and movement of upper shoulders
hypoglossal nerve - CN 12, motor, tongue movements
Locate where cranial nerves are - see image
List the 5 types of human spinal nerves - Humans have eight pairs of cervical (cranial)
nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral
nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves.
