bio 117 hondros final exam study guide questions and
answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
ADH
- correct answer a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body; released
from posterior pituitary gland
ATP
- correct answer base, sugar, 3 phosphate groups; when bonds are broken a large amount of energy is
released; produced in mitochondria; energy storing & transferring molecule found in cells
PROTEINS
- correct answer amino acids(building blocks); (ex: hemoglobin); digested in small intestine
OSMOSIS
- correct answer a special case of diffusion; is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
LIGAMENT
- correct answer a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects 2 bones or
cartilages or holds together a joint
TENDONS
- correct answer cordlike structures that attach muscles to bones
FEMORAL
- correct answer thigh area; the longest & strongest bone in the body; extending from hip to knee
ABDOMINAL
- correct answer anterior trunk just below the ribs
, SACRAL
- correct answer bottom of the spine & lies between the 5th segment of the lumbar spine & coccyx
(tailbone)
PECTORAL
- correct answer upper chest area
PTH
- correct answer secreted by parathyroid glands, in response to low blood levels; increases the release of
calcium from bone tissue (resorption); controlled through neg. feedback; stimulates the kidneys to
reabsorb calcium from urine
DERMIS
- correct answer under epidermis & is the largest portion of the skin; composed of dense fibrous
connective tissue
EPIDERMIS
- correct answer thin layer(outer) of skin & is composed of stratified squamous epithelium; has no blood
supply of it's own
LIPIDS, LACTOSE, & GLUCOSE
- correct answer digested in small intestines
MOLECULE
- correct answer carries O2; hemoglobin
THE CELL
- correct answer carries O2; RBC
HYPOXEMIA
- correct answer a patient with oxygen poor blood
answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
ADH
- correct answer a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body; released
from posterior pituitary gland
ATP
- correct answer base, sugar, 3 phosphate groups; when bonds are broken a large amount of energy is
released; produced in mitochondria; energy storing & transferring molecule found in cells
PROTEINS
- correct answer amino acids(building blocks); (ex: hemoglobin); digested in small intestine
OSMOSIS
- correct answer a special case of diffusion; is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
LIGAMENT
- correct answer a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects 2 bones or
cartilages or holds together a joint
TENDONS
- correct answer cordlike structures that attach muscles to bones
FEMORAL
- correct answer thigh area; the longest & strongest bone in the body; extending from hip to knee
ABDOMINAL
- correct answer anterior trunk just below the ribs
, SACRAL
- correct answer bottom of the spine & lies between the 5th segment of the lumbar spine & coccyx
(tailbone)
PECTORAL
- correct answer upper chest area
PTH
- correct answer secreted by parathyroid glands, in response to low blood levels; increases the release of
calcium from bone tissue (resorption); controlled through neg. feedback; stimulates the kidneys to
reabsorb calcium from urine
DERMIS
- correct answer under epidermis & is the largest portion of the skin; composed of dense fibrous
connective tissue
EPIDERMIS
- correct answer thin layer(outer) of skin & is composed of stratified squamous epithelium; has no blood
supply of it's own
LIPIDS, LACTOSE, & GLUCOSE
- correct answer digested in small intestines
MOLECULE
- correct answer carries O2; hemoglobin
THE CELL
- correct answer carries O2; RBC
HYPOXEMIA
- correct answer a patient with oxygen poor blood
